RESUMO
Background: People with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) experience an increased health risk due to reduced physical activities. Cellular health technology (mHealth) offers a way that people with DM can engage in more complex physical activities. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is the most commonly used theory in increasing physical activities. This study aims to find out the application of SCT in mHealth app to control blood sugar (GDP, HbA1C) of T2DM patients. Design and Method: This present study used a mixed method sequential explanatory design related to the application of mHealth Diabetes Physical Activity in Takalar Regency. The first step was to use qualitative methods with rapid assessment procedures in developing the application of SCT in mHealth. The second step was to validate and test the app through usability testing. The last step was intervening the development of mHealth app using quasi-experimental designs related to the influence of mHealth Diabetes Physical activity interventions in controlling blood sugar (GDP, HbA1c) in T2DM patients. The first group was the mHealth diabetes Physical activity (PA) intervention group; the second intervention group was a group monitored through Whatsapp group; and the third group was the group with physical activity module but without monitoring. Expected outcome: The findings of this study are expected to be the basis of evidence for nurses holding DM programs to make relevant policies and design an app-based physical activity promotion programs for T2DM patients. Conclusion: This protocol qualifies to be the basis of evidence for nurses holding Diabetes Mellitus programs in improving health services through IT-based health promotion programs.
RESUMO
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) is recommended to mitigate the risk of diabetes. This study explored the PA of adults at risk for diabetes in rural Indonesia and determined the requirements for meeting the recommended PA level. In total, 842 adults were screened using a diabetes risk test in a rural health centre; among them, 342 were at risk of diabetes. The level of PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, whereas the associated factors underlying the three domains -individual, support, and environment-were determined by the Influences on Physical Activity Instrument. The data analysis included a three-step multiple linear regression (MLR) and logistic regression (LR). Overall, 40.6% of the participants met the recommended PA. According to the MLR analysis, among males, individuals who gave PA a higher priority and had enough time to perform PA were predicted to have a higher activity energy expenditure (MET-minutes per week). According to the LR analysis, men were more likely to meet the recommended PA, and people who gave PA a lower priority and had less access to space for PA were less likely to meet the recommended PA level. Strategies for promoting PA in rural Indonesia include focusing on women, people who prioritize PA less, and those who have less time and space in which to be physically active.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Insufficient physical activity is a public health concern in Indonesia, but there are no valid Indonesian tools for exploring the influences. Due to cultural and contextual differences, the Indonesian version of the Influence on Physical Activity Instrument (IPAI-I) was developed and tested the psychometric properties in community obese-adults. METHODS: The cross-sectional study enrolled 846 obese-adults in Indonesian community health-centre. The IPAI was translated with culturally appropriate Indonesian. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) assessed the psychometric properties. The scale reliability was tested by Cronbach's α for internal consistency and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for stability. RESULTS: Through EFA via Principal Axis Factoring with Oblimin rotation, the 21-item IPAI-I exhibited cross-cultural appropriateness, readability with three factors in the individual domain, one factor in the support domain, and two factors in the environment domain. The indices of good fit model for three domains testing by a second-order CFA was achieved at χ2/df=1.5, goodness of fit index = .93, root mean square error of approximation = .039 (p < .001). Furthermore, a high correlation (r = .52; p < .001) was between the support domain and the environment domain, but the two domains had a very low correlation with the individual domain, respectively. The test-retest reliability was by ICC with .73 - .92 and Cronbach's α with .82 - .91 among six-factor, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The IPAI-I is a valid, reliable instrument to assess in Indonesian context. Enhancing ecological effects are high-priority to increase physical activity for community obese-individual.
