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1.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 6: 2054358119858014, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31263566

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases postrenal transplantation. Evidence demonstrating the effects of bisphosphonates on BMD and fracture risk beyond 1-year posttransplant is sparse in existing literature, but remains essential to enhance clinical outcomes in this population. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the current literature on the use of any bisphosphonate in the adult renal transplant population beyond the first year of renal transplant to determine its effect on BMD and fracture incidence. DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research literature that included full-text, English-language, original randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies. SETTING: Patient data were primarily captured in an outpatient setting across various studies. PATIENTS: Our population of interest was patients older than 18 years who received deceased/living donor kidney transplantation and any bisphosphonate with a follow-up greater than 12 months posttransplantation. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was change in BMD from baseline. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of fractures and effects of other confounders on bone health. METHODS: We included RCTs and observational studies that satisfied our inclusion criteria. Each study was analyzed for risk of bias and data were extrapolated to analyze for overall statistical significance accounting for heterogeneity of studies. RESULTS: Sixteen studies (N = 1762) were analyzed. The follow-up ranged from 12 to 98 months. There was a nonsignificant improvement in BMD with bisphosphonate treatment persisting into the second and third years posttransplant at the lumbar spine. The calculated standardized mean BMD difference was -0.29 (-0.75 to 0.17), P = .22. Only 5 studies reported a total of 43 new fractures. Prednisone (P < .01), low body weight (P < .001), low body mass index (P < .01), and male gender (P < .05) correlated with reduced lumbar and femoral BMD. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this review include the use of BMD as a surrogate outcome, the bias of the included studies, and the incomplete reporting data in numerous analyzed studies. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate no statistically significant benefit of bisphosphonate treatment on BMD beyond the first year postrenal transplantation. Despite heterogeneity of treatment, a differential nonsignificant improvement in lumbar spine BMD was consistent and may be clinically relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019125593.


CONTEXTE: La densité minérale osseuse (DMO) décroit à la suite d'une greffe rénale. Les données probantes faisant état des effets des bisphosphonates sur la DMO et le risque de fracture au-delà d'un an post-greffe sont rares dans la littérature, mais demeurent essentielles pour améliorer les résultats cliniques pour cette population. OBJECTIF: L'étude actuelle visait à réaliser une revue systématique et une méta-analyse de la littérature faisant état de l'usage des bisphosphonates dans une population de greffés rénaux adultes, au-delà de la première année post-greffe, afin de connaître les effets de cette médication sur la DMO et sur l'incidence de fractures. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Une revue systématique et une méta-analyse de la littérature ont été réalisées à partir d'articles rédigés en anglais, présentant les résultats d'essais cliniques et d'études observationnelles. CADRE: Dans les différentes études, les données provenaient principalement de patients suivis sur une base externe. SUJETS: Notre population d'intérêt était constituée de patients adultes ayant subi une greffe rénale provenant d'un donneur décédé ou vivant, ayant reçu un traitement par un bisphosphonate et ayant été suivis pendant plus de douze mois post-transplantation. MESURES: L'issue principale était une variation de la DMO par rapport à la valeur initiale. L'incidence de fractures et les effets des autres facteurs de confusion sur la santé osseuse constituaient les issues secondaires. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Ont été inclus les essais cliniques et les études observationnelles qui répondaient à nos critères d'inclusion. Chaque étude a fait l'objet d'une analyse des risques de biais et les données ont été extrapolées pour analyser la signification statistique de l'ensemble en tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité des études. RÉSULTATS: Seize études (n=1762) ont été analysées. La période de suivi variait de 12 à 98 mois. Une amélioration non significative de la DMO du rachis lombaire ayant persisté dans la deuxième et la troisième année post-greffe a été observée à la suite d'un traitement par un bisphosphonate. La moyenne normalisée calculée des variations de la DMO s'établissait à -0,29 (-0,75 à 0,17; p=0,22). Seules cinq études ont rapporté de nouvelles fractures, pour un total de 43 fractures. La prise de prednisone (p<0,01), un faible poids (p<0, 001), un faible IMC (p<0,01) et le fait d'être un homme (p<0,05) ont corrélé avec une DMO lombaire ou fémorale réduite. LIMITES: Le recours à la DMO comme issue intermédiaire, les biais contenus dans les études incluses et le fait que plusieurs des études analysées comportaient des données incomplètes constituent les limites de l'étude. CONCLUSION: Nous n'avons pu démontrer un avantage statistiquement significatif sur la DMO à poursuivre un traitement par les bisphosphonates au-delà de la première année suivant une greffe rénale. Malgré l'hétérogénéité du traitement, une amélioration non significative de la DMO lombaire a été observée et pourrait s'avérer pertinente sur le plan clinique.

2.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes ; 11(2): e003973, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29444925

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recognizes 5 groups of pulmonary hypertension (PH), categorized by pathogenesis or comorbidity: 1-pulmonary arterial hypertension 2-left-heart disease, 3-lung disease and hypoxia 4-chronic thromboembolic disease, and 5-miscellaneous. The epidemiology of PH, apart from group 1, is largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe incidence, prevalence, comorbidities, mortality and prescribing patterns for groups 1 to 4 PH from 1993 to 2012. Case definitions are based on hospitalizations and emergency department visits, using the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences data, which comprises linked databases of universal coverage health service records for Ontario residents. This cohort included 50 529 patients with PH. The annual incidence of adult PH increased from 2003 to 2012 from 24.1 to 28.7 cases/100 000 population and the annual prevalence from 1993 to 2012 from 99.8 to 127.3 cases/100 000 population, respectively. The most common form of adult PH was group 2, alone (34.2%) or combined with group 3 PH (29.3%). A diagnosis of PH increased the 1-year standardized mortality ratio 7.2-fold. Mortality in adults with PH was 13.0%, 36.4%, and 62.4%, at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years, respectively. Mortality was highest in groups 2 and 3 and lowest in group 1. PH was present in only 3.6% of people with left heart disease, 0.7% with lung disease, and 1.4% with thromboembolic disease, suggesting that PH is a relatively rare complication of these common diseases. Children (age<16 years) accounted for 3.6% of the cohort. In children group 1 PH was most common (65.2%), and 5-year mortality was lower (21.4%) than in adults. Group 1-specific PH therapies were increasingly prescribed over time and paradoxically were often used in patients who seemed to have group 2, PH based on diagnostic codes indicating left heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and prevalence of adult PH are increasing. Groups 2 and 3 are the most common and lethal forms of PH. This study identifies an emerging epidemic of PH that likely has substantial adverse health and economic implications.


Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Bases de Dados Factuais , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Feminino , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/mortalidade , Hipóxia/epidemiologia , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário/epidemiologia , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
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