Comparison of a portable Vis-NIR hyperspectral imaging and a snapscan SWIR hyperspectral imaging for evaluation of meat authenticity.

The performance of visible-near infrared hyperspectral imaging (Vis-NIR-HSI) (400-1000 nm) and shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging (SWIR-HSI) (1116-1670 nm) combined with different classification and regression (linear and non-linear) multivariate methods were assessed for meat authentication. In Vis-NIR-HSI, total accuracies in the prediction set for SVM and ANN-BPN (the best classification models) were 96 and 94 % surpassing the performance of SWIR-HSI with 88 and 89 % accuracy, respectively. In Vis-NIR-HSI, the best-obtained coefficient of determinations for the prediction set (R2p) were 0.99, 0.88, and 0.99 with root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) of 9, 24 and 4 (%w/w) for pork in beef, pork in lamb and pork in chicken, respectively. In SWIR-HSI, the best-obtained R2p were 0.86, 0.77, and 0.89 with RMSEP of 16, 23 and 15 (%w/w) for pork in beef, pork in lamb and pork in chicken, respectively. The results ascertain that Vis-NIR-HSI coupled with multivariate data analysis has better performance rather than SWIR-HIS.

Detecting Food Fraud in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using a Prototype Portable Hyphenated Photonics Sensor.

BACKGROUND: Current developments in portable photonic devices for fast authentication of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or EVOO with non-EVOO additions steer towards hyphenation of different optic technologies. The multiple spectra or so-called "fingerprints" of samples are then analyzed with multivariate statistics. For EVOO authentication, one-class classification (OCC) to identify "out-of-class" EVOO samples in combination with data-fusion is applicable. OBJECTIVE: Prospecting the application of a prototype photonic device ("PhasmaFood") which hyphenates visible, fluorescence, and near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with OCC modelling to classify EVOOs and discriminate them from other edible oils and adulterated EVOOs. METHOD: EVOOs were adulterated by mixing in 10-50% (v/v) of refined and virgin olive oils, olive-pomace olive oils, and other common edible oils. Samples were analyzed by the hyphenated sensor. OCC, data-fusion, and decision thresholds were applied and optimized for two different scenarios. RESULTS: By high-level data-fusion of the classification results from the three spectral databases and several multivariate model vectors, a 100% correct classification of all pure edible oils using OCC in the first scenario was found. Reducing samples being falsely classified as EVOOs in a second scenario, 97% of EVOOs adulterated with non-EVOO olive oils were correctly identified and ones with other edible oils correctly classified at score of 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Photonic sensor hyphenation in combination with high-level data fusion, OCC, and tuned decision thresholds delivers significantly better screening results for EVOO compared to individual sensor results. HIGHLIGHTS: Hyphenated photonics and its data handling solutions applied to extra virgin olive oil authenticity testing was found to be promising.

Seafood and Water Management.

Seafood is an important food source for many. Consumers should be entitled to an informed choice, and there is growing concern about correct composition labeling of seafood. Due to its high price, it has been shown to be vulnerable to adulteration. In the present study, we focus on moisture levels in seafood. Moisture and crude protein contents of chilled and frozen cod, pangasius, salmon, shrimp and tilapia purchased from various retail outlets in the Netherlands were examined by reference methods and the values of which were compared with the reported data from other studies in literature. Significant differences in proximate composition were determined for different species and between chilled and frozen products of the same species. Pangasius products showed the highest moisture contents in general (86.3 g/100 g), and shrimp products revealed the largest differences between chilled and frozen products. Comparison with literature values and good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards exposed that, generally, chilled pangasius, frozen pangasius and frozen shrimp products presented considerably higher moisture and lower crude protein/nitrogen contents than those found in other studies. From the GMP standards, extraneous water was estimated on average at 26 g/100 g chilled pangasius product, and 25 and 34 g/100 g product for frozen shrimp and pangasius products, respectively.