RESUMO
Los aislamientos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenémicos se producen cada vez con más frecuencia, haciendo conveniente establecer tratamientos combinados de los que fosfomicina puede formar parte. Los criterios para establecer la sensibilidad de Pseudomonas aeruginosa a fosfomicina han sido aprobados utilizando un método de dilución en agar. Sin embargo, los sistemas de microdilución comercializados son los más utilizados en la práctica diaria. Los resultados de este estudio indican que estos métodos resultan aceptables cuando se quiera conocer el comportamiento de estos microorganismos frente a fosfomicina
Carbapenems-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates has been widely reported. Fosfomycin has been shown to act synergistically with other antimicrobials. The agar dilution method was approved for susceptibility testing for fosfomycin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, broth microdilution methods are the basis of systems currently used in clinical microbiology laboratories. The results of this study indicate that these methods are acceptable as susceptibility testing methods for fosfomycin against these organisms
Assuntos
Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/métodos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Fosfomicina/farmacocinética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/imunologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Carbapenems-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates has been widely reported. Fosfomycin has been shown to act synergistically with other antimicrobials. The agar dilution method was approved for susceptibility testing for fosfomycin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, broth microdilution methods are the basis of systems currently used in clinical microbiology laboratories. The results of this study indicate that these methods are acceptable as susceptibility testing methods for fosfomycin against these organisms.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Fosfomicina/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Ágar , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A structured surveillance study was conducted on children with diarrhea who were hospitalized in Madrid (Spain) during 2010-2011, in order to describe temporal, geographic, and age-related trends in rotavirus (RV) strains after the introduction of the RV vaccines in our country. STUDY DESIGN AND RESULTS: A total of 370 children were enrolled, with RV being detected in 117 (31.6%) cases. Coinfections were detected mainly with rotavirus, astrovirus and norovirus. The most prevalent rotavirus G type was G1 (60.7%) followed by G2 (16.09%), G9 (5.9%), and G12 (5.1%). The G12 genotype appeared for the first time in 2008 in Spain, and it has increased to 5.1% of the cases in this report. Some uncommon P genotypes, such as P[14] and P[6], both with a low percentage, were found. The samples with G1 G2, G9 and G12 genotypes appeared in all ages, but were significantly higher in children under 2 years old. CONCLUSIÓN: A long-term structured surveillance is required in the Spanish post vaccine era, in order to determine the prevalence and variability of RV genotypes. This will especially be needed to distinguish between changes occurring as a result of natural fluctuation in genotype or those (changes) that could be mediated by population immunity to the vaccines. In addition, it will be necessary to study the impact of the current vaccines on the circulating rotavirus strains and on the overall reduction in the prevalence of rotavirus disease among children in Spain
INTRODUCCIÓN: durante el período 2010-2011 se llevó a cabo un estudio de vigilancia entre los niños con diarrea que fueron hospitalizados en Madrid (España), con el fin de describir los genotipos circulantes de rotavirus (RV) después de la introducción de las vacunas en nuestro país. MÉTODO Y RESULTADOS: Un total de 370 niños fueron incluidos en el estudio. RV se detectó en 117 (31.6%)casos. Las coinfecciones detectadas fueron rotavirus, astrovirus y norovirus. El genotipo más prevalente fue G1 (60.7%) seguido de G2 (16.09%), G9 (5.9%) y G12 (5.1%). G12 apareció por primera vez en 2008 en España y ha aumentado hasta el 5.1% de los casos en este estudio. Algunos genotipos P infrecuentes como P[14] y P[6], fueron identificados, ambos con un porcentaje bajo. G1,G2, G9 y G12 se aislaron en todas las edades, pero son significativamente más frecuentes en los niños menores de 2 años de edad. CONCLUSIÓN: Con el fin de conocer la prevalencia y variabilidad de los genotipos de RV, la vigilancia a largo plazo será necesaria en la era postvacunal. Esta será especialmente necesaria para distinguir entre cambios que se producen como resultado de la fluctuación natural del genotipo o los cambios que podrían estar mediados por inmunidad de la población a las vacunas. Además, será necesario estudiar el impacto de las vacunas actuales sobre las cepas de rotavirus circulantes y en la reducción global de la prevalencia de la enfermedad por rotavirus en nuestro país
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/patogenicidade , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/administração & dosagem , Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/genética , Estudos Transversais , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A structured surveillance study was conducted on children with diarrhea who were hospitalized in Madrid (Spain) during 2010-2011, in order to describe temporal, geographic, and age-related trends in rotavirus (RV) strains after the introduction of the RV vaccines in our country. STUDY DESIGN AND RESULTS: A total of 370 children were enrolled, with RV being detected in 117 (31.6%) cases. Coinfections were detected mainly with rotavirus, astrovirus and norovirus. The most prevalent rotavirus G type was G1 (60.7%) followed by G2 (16.09%), G9 (5.9%), and G12 (5.1%). The G12 genotype appeared for the first time in 2008 in Spain, and it has increased to 5.1% of the cases in this report. Some uncommon P genotypes, such as P[14] and P[6], both with a low percentage, were found. The samples with G1 G2, G9 and G12 genotypes appeared in all ages, but were significantly higher in children under 2 years old. CONCLUSION: A long-term structured surveillance is required in the Spanish post vaccine era, in order to determine the prevalence and variability of RV genotypes. This will especially be needed to distinguish between changes occurring as a result of natural fluctuation in genotype or those (changes) that could be mediated by population immunity to the vaccines. In addition, it will be necessary to study the impact of the current vaccines on the circulating rotavirus strains and on the overall reduction in the prevalence of rotavirus disease among children in Spain.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus/genética , Doença Aguda , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Saúde da População UrbanaAssuntos
Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/complicações , Erysipelothrix/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bacteriemia/complicações , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bioprótese , Terapia Combinada , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/cirurgia , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/cirurgia , Feminino , Traumatismos dos Dedos/complicações , Traumatismos dos Dedos/microbiologia , Peixes/microbiologia , Manipulação de Alimentos , Dermatoses da Mão/complicações , Dermatoses da Mão/microbiologia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigenoterapia , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Infecção dos Ferimentos/complicações , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Erysipelothrix/patogenicidade , Infecções por Erysipelothrix/diagnósticoRESUMO
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases, affecting children worldwide. Viruses are recognized as a major cause of this disease, particularly in children. Since the Norwalk virus was identified as a cause of gastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated with diarrheal disease in humans has progressively increased. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. Human astroviruses, caliciviruses and enteric adenovirus are also important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Other viruses such as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses, Aichi virus and human bocavirus are increasingly being identified as causative agents of diarrhea. Vaccination against rotavirus could prevent cases of severe diarrhea and reduce the mortality attributable to this disease.
Assuntos
Gastroenterite/virologia , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Astroviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia , Diarreia Infantil/virologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Rotavirus/classificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controleRESUMO
La gastroenteritis aguda es una de las enfermedades máscomunes y que afecta a los niños de todo el mundo. Losvirus se reconocen hoy día como una de las principalescausas de esta infección, particularmente en la infancia.Desde que se describiera el virus Norwalk por primera vezcomo causa de gastroenteritis, se ha ido incrementandoprogresivamente el número de virus asociados a estaenfermedad. Los rotavirus son la primera causa de diarreagrave en niños menores de 5 años y los astrovirus,calicivirus y adenovirus entéricos son también agentesetiológicos importantes de la enfermedad. Otros virus,como los torovirus, coronavirus, picobirnaviruses, virusAichi o los bocavirus humanos, también se han implicadoen la etiología de la diarrea aguda. La vacunación frente alos rotavirus constituye, hoy día, la mejor estrategia paraprevenir los casos graves de diarrea y reducir la mortalidadproducida por estos virus(AU)
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases,affecting children worldwide. Viruses are recognized as amajor cause of this disease, particularly in children. Sincethe Norwalk virus was identified as a cause ofgastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated withdiarrheal disease in humans has progressively increased.Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea inchildren under 5 years of age. Human astroviruses,caliciviruses and enteric adenovirus are also importantetiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Other virusessuch as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses, Aichivirus and human bocavirus are increasingly beingidentified as causative agents of diarrhea. Vaccinationagainst rotavirus could prevent cases of severe diarrheaand reduce the mortality attributable to this disease(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Infecções por Rotavirus/microbiologia , Rotavirus/patogenicidade , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Astroviridae/patogenicidade , Norovirus/patogenicidade , Adenoviridae/patogenicidade , Vacinas ViraisRESUMO
La gastroenteritis aguda es una de las enfermedades máscomunes y que afecta a los niños de todo el mundo. Losvirus se reconocen hoy día como una de las principalescausas de esta infección, particularmente en la infancia.Desde que se describiera el virus Norwalk por primera vezcomo causa de gastroenteritis, se ha ido incrementandoprogresivamente el número de virus asociados a estaenfermedad. Los rotavirus son la primera causa de diarreagrave en niños menores de 5 años y los astrovirus,calicivirus y adenovirus entéricos son también agentesetiológicos importantes de la enfermedad. Otros virus,como los torovirus, coronavirus, picobirnaviruses, virusAichi o los bocavirus humanos, también se han implicadoen la etiología de la diarrea aguda. La vacunación frente a los rotavirus constituye, hoy día, la mejor estrategia para prevenir los casos graves de diarrea y reducir la mortalidad producida por estos virus
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases,affecting children worldwide. Viruses are recognized as amajor cause of this disease, particularly in children. Since the Norwalk virus was identified as a cause ofgastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated withdiarrheal disease in humans has progressively increased. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. Human astroviruses, caliciviruses and enteric adenovirus are also important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Other viruses such as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses, Aichivirus and human bocavirus are increasingly beingidentified as causative agents of diarrhea. Vaccinationagainst rotavirus could prevent cases of severe diarrheaand reduce the mortality attributable to this disease