Influence of Faster and Slower Recovery-Profile Classifications, Self-Reported Sleep, Acute Training Load, and Phase of the Microcycle on Perceived Recovery in Futsal Players.

PURPOSE: To determine whether daily perceived recovery is explained from a multifactorial single-session classification of recovery (ie, faster vs slower) or other circumstantial factors (ie, previous training load, self-reported sleep, or phase of the microcycle). METHODS: Nineteen elite male futsal players were initially allocated to a recovery-classification group (faster recovery, slower physiological, or slower perceptual) based on previous research using a multifactorial cluster-analysis technique. During 4 ensuing weeks of preseason, training loads were monitored via player load, training impulse, and session rating of perceived exertion. Before each day's training, players reported their perception of recovery (Total Quality of Recovery scale [TQR]) and the number of hours and perceived quality of sleep the night prior. A hierarchical linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of the different recovery profiles, training load, sleep, and phase of the microcycle (ie, start, middle, end) on daily TQR. RESULTS: The recovery classification of players (P = .20), training load (training impulse, P = .32; player load, P = .23; session rating of perceived exertion, P = .46), and self-reported hours slept the night before (P = .45) did not significantly influence TQR. However, perceived sleep quality (P < .01) and phase of the microcycle (P < .01) were significantly associated with TQR (r2 = .41). CONCLUSIONS: Neither recovery classification nor prior training load influenced perceived recovery during the preseason. However, higher TQR was evident with better self-reported sleep quality, whereas lower values were associated with phases of the training week.

Neuromuscular and physiological responses to different training loads in Randori of elite judo athletes

Abstract Aim: To compare two different randori structure (high volume and short pauses - TRAD training vs low volume with long pauses - COMP training) in the neuromuscular and metabolic responses of elite judo athletes. Methods: The first situation (TRAD) consisted of 12 randoris of 5 minutes with 45 seconds rest, and the other situation (COMP), consisted of 6 randoris of 5 minutes with 10 minutes between them. Physiological (Blood Lactate and Creatine Kinase), neuromuscular (Countermovement Jump and Medicine Ball Throws) and perceptive variables (Rating Perceived Exertion) were measured before and at the end of the sessions. Results: The subjective perception of effort at the end of the training was significantly higher in the TRAD training type (TRADpost: 8.1 ± 0.9 AU; COMPpost: 6.6 ± 1.5 AU, p <0.001). Blood lactate concentration (TRADpost: 6.4 ± 2.2 mmol/L; COMPpost: 8.1 ± 2.9 mmol/L; p <0.001), CMJ height (TRADpost: 36.2 ± 4.6 cm; COMPpost: 35.9 ± 4.3 cm, p = 0.012) and upper limb power performance (TRADpost: 6.4 ± 0.9 m; COMPpost: 6.3 ± 0.9 m p = 0.03) were significantly higher at the end of the two training sessions compared to their start, but there are no group effect. There is group effect in CK (TRADpost: 490.7 ± 273.5 U/L; COMPpost: 357.4 ± 203.8 U/L; p <0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TRAD and COMP Judo training induced similar physical demands, and both seem to not be enough to reach higher intensities, which made them distant methods of competitive reality.

Faster and Slower Posttraining Recovery in Futsal: Multifactorial Classification of Recovery Profiles.

PURPOSE: To investigate the existence of faster vs slower recovery profiles in futsal and factors distinguishing them. METHODS: 22 male futsal players were evaluated in countermovement jump, 10-m sprint, creatine kinase, total quality of recovery (TQR), and Brunel Mood Scale (fatigue and vigor) before and immediately and 3, 24, and 48 h posttraining. Hierarchical cluster analysis allocated players to different recovery profiles using the area under the curve (AUC) of the percentage differences from baseline. One-way ANOVA compared the time course of each variable and players' characteristics between clusters. RESULTS: Three clusters were identified and labeled faster recovery (FR), slower physiological recovery (SLphy), and slower perceptual recovery (SLperc). FR presented better AUC in 10-m sprint than SLphy (P = .001) and SLperc (P = .008), as well as better TQR SLphy (P = .018) and SLperc (P = .026). SLperc showed better AUC in countermovement jump than SLphy (P = .014) but presented worse fatigue AUC than SLphy (P = .014) and FR (P = .008). AUC of creatine kinase was worse in SLphy than in FR (P = .001) and SLperc (P < .001). The SLphy players were younger than SLperc players (P = .027), whereas FR were slower 10-m sprinters than SLphy players (P = .003) and SLperc (P = .013) and tended to have higher maximal oxygen consumption than SLphy (effect size =1.13). CONCLUSION: Different posttraining recovery profiles exist in futsal players, possibly influenced by their physical abilities and age/experience.

Activity Profiles in U17, U20, and Senior Women's Brazilian National Soccer Teams During International Competitions: Are There Meaningful Differences?

Ramos, GP, Nakamura, FY, Penna, EM, Wilke, CF, Pereira, LA, Loturco, I, Capelli, L, Mahseredjian, F, Silami-Garcia, E, and Coimbra, CC. Activity profiles in U17, U20, and senior women's Brazilian national soccer teams during international competitions: are there meaningful differences? J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3414-3422, 2019-The aim of this study was to compare locomotor activity profiles of Brazilian top-class female soccer players competing at distinct age brackets (under 17 [U17], under [U20], and senior). External match load of 14 U17, 14 U20, and 17 senior female soccer players competing in 6-7 full official international matches were assessed using global positioning systems. Total distance covered, distance covered in high intensity (15.6-20 km·h), distance covered in sprints (sprint: >20 km·h), number of accelerations (Acc) >1 m·s, decelerations (Dec) >-1 m·s, and Player Load generally increased across the age brackets (U17

Evaluation of hydration status by urine, body mass variation and plasma parameters during an official half-marathon.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to verify the agreement of urine, body mass variations and plasma parameters to determine the hydration status of 14 male runners (29±4 years and 54.3±5.5 mLO2/kg/min) in an official 21.1 km road race. METHODS: The mean dry-bulb temperature and air relative humidity during the road race were 25.1±2.1 °C and 54.7±2.2%, respectively. The volume of water ingested by the runners was monitored using marked volumetric plastic bottles provided at the hydration stations located at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.5, 14.0, 16.0 and 18.5 km from the starting line. Hydration status was assessed using urine specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (UOSM) and plasma osmolality (POSM). Furthermore, body mass variation (∆BM) was assessed by comparing body mass (BM) immediately prior and after the race. Total sweat was estimated by ∆BM, added water volume ingested and deducted blood volume collected. The sweat rate was calculated through total sweat and total exercise time. RESULTS: The mean water intake was 0.82±0.40 L, and the mean sweat rate and total sweating were 1440.11±182.13 mL/h and 2.67±0.23 L. After the race, the BM reduced by 1.7±0.4 kg. The ∆BM was -2.41±0.47%, and the plasma volume variation was -9.79±4.6% between pre- and post-running measurements. Despite the POSM increased post-race compared to pre-race, the UOSM and USG did not change. No significant correlations were found between POSM variation with UOSM variation (r=-0.08; P=0.71), USG variation (r=-0.11; P=0.78) or ∆BM (r=0.09; P=0.77). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study shows that both ∆BM and ∆POSM indicated a hypohydration state after exercise even though the ∆BM did not correlate significantly with ∆POSM. These results demonstrate that ∆BM is a practical method and can be sufficiently sensitive to evaluate the hydration state, but it should be utilized with caution.

Metabolic Demand and Internal Training Load in Technical-Tactical Training Sessions of Professional Futsal Players.

Wilke, CF, Ramos, GP, Pacheco, DAS, Santos, WHM, Diniz, MSL, Gonçalves, GGP, Marins, JCB, Wanner, SP, and Silami-Garcia, E. Metabolic demand and internal training load in technical-tactical training sessions of professional futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2330-2340, 2016-The aim of the study was to characterize aspects of technical-tactical training sessions of a professional futsal team. We addressed 4 specific aims: characterize the metabolic demands and intensity of these training sessions, compare the training intensity among players of different positions, compare the intensity of different futsal-specific activities (4 × 4, 6 × 4, and match simulation), and investigate the association between an objective (training impulse; TRIMP) and a subjective method (session rating of perceived exertion; sRPE) of measuring a player's internal training load. Twelve top-level futsal players performed an incremental exercise to determine their maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate (HRmax), ventilatory threshold (VT), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Each player's HR and RPE were measured and used to calculate energy expenditure, TRIMP, and sRPE during 37 training sessions over 8 weeks. The average intensity was 74 ± 4% of HRmax, which corresponded to 9.3 kcal·min. The players trained at intensities above the RCP, between the RCP and VT and below the VT for 20 ± 8%, 28 ± 6%, and 51 ± 10% of the session duration, respectively. Wingers, defenders, and pivots exercised at a similar average intensity but with different intensity distributions. No difference in intensity was found between the 3 typical activities. A strong correlation between the average daily TRIMP and sRPE was observed; however, this relationship was significant for only 4 of 12 players, indicating that sRPE is a useful tool for monitoring training loads but that it should be interpreted for each player individually rather than collectively.