Correlation of two different measuring methods for digital models: Manual on printed paper and digital in computer: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Digital models are considered the new standard in the clinical practice of orthodontics. However, they are difficult to use in the absence of a true scale for chairside use during clinical appointments. Therefore, an easy standardized method with true-scale paper print images would be of great utility. The aim of this study was to correlate and compare measurements obtained manually in true-scale paper printed images of digital models with those obtained digitally in the computer. METHODS: Sixty desktop scanned digital models (30 upper and 30 lower) were analyzed. Ortho Insight 3D software was used for generating the printed images on paper and for measuring the digital models. Intercanine width, interpremolar width (first and second), intermolar width (first), and arch length measures were performed with both methods and were correlated and compared. RESULTS: There was a high correlation between measurements performed with both methods. Values obtained from paper print images were lower and showed statistically significant differences (<0.4 mm; P < 0.001), which did not have any clinical implications. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high correlation between orthodontic measurements obtained manually in true-scale paper printed images of digital models and those obtained digitally in computer models, with no clinical differences between the two measurements. True-scale printed images of digital models can be used chairside in clinical appointments for the verification of measurements, or even as a guide for archwire individualization and shape bending without the need for long and complex processes or scale sizing adjustments.

An Update on the Global Epidemic of Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus Type-I (HTLV-I).

Infection with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I) is now a global epidemic, affecting 10 to 20 million people. This virus has been linked to life-threatening, incurable diseases, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), as well as several chronic illnesses, such as uveitis and dermatitis. The cumulative lifetime risk of developing these incurable diseases is approximately 5% in asymptomatic patients. For operating room personnel performing surgery among patients from high-risk groups, HTLV-I and its associated diseases are presenting an increasing challenge. This report describes its transmission, seroprevalence, treatment, and public health initiatives that must be instituted to prevent the spread of this retrovirus. Coinfection with HTLV-I and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to accelerate the progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Mesiodistal sizes and intermaxillary tooth-size ratios of two populations; Spanish and Peruvian. A comparative study

Introduction: Adequate tooth-size ratios are required to ensure the satisfactory outcome of orthodontic treatment.Consequently, various methods of measuring tooth-size ratios have been developed being the Bolton ratio the mostcommonly accepted, known and used one. This ratio depending directly on mesiodistal tooth size has been associatedwith different ethnic backgrounds. Some authors suggest the need for specific standards for every population.Objectives: The objectives of our study were; to measure and to compare mesiodistal tooth sizes and the Anterior andOverall Bolton ratios in two different populations, one Peruvian and the other Spanish with the same digital method.Material and Methods: The sample included 149 individuals composed of two groups; 99 Spanish (mean age14.19), 65 being females and 34 males and 50 Peruvian (mean age 14.46), 18 being males and 32 females. The mesiodistalsizes of each of the patients were measured using a digital method and the Anterior and Overall Boltonratios were calculated.Results: Tooth size does indeed involve a strong ethnic component, and the Anterior Bolton ratio is specific foreach ethnic group.Conclusions: The conclusions are; tooth sizes of the Peruvian population were greater than those of the Spanishpopulation. The Anterior Bolton ratio of Peruvian individuals was greater than that of the Spanish, whereas nodifferences were found for Overall Bolton ratio. These differences suggest the need for specific standards for theSpanish and Peruvian population (AU)

Mesiodistal sizes and intermaxillary tooth-size ratios of two populations; Spanish and Peruvian. A comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: Adequate tooth-size ratios are required to ensure the satisfactory outcome of orthodontic treatment. Consequently, various methods of measuring tooth-size ratios have been developed being the Bolton ratio the most commonly accepted, known and used one. This ratio depending directly on mesiodistal tooth size has been associated with different ethnic backgrounds. Some authors suggest the need for specific standards for every population. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of our study were; to measure and to compare mesiodistal tooth sizes and the Anterior and Overall Bolton ratios in two different populations, one Peruvian and the other Spanish with the same digital method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample included 149 individuals composed of two groups; 99 Spanish (mean age 14.19), 65 being females and 34 males and 50 Peruvian (mean age 14.46), 18 being males and 32 females. The mesiodistal sizes of each of the patients were measured using a digital method and the Anterior and Overall Bolton ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Tooth size does indeed involve a strong ethnic component, and the Anterior Bolton ratio is specific for each ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusions are; tooth sizes of the Peruvian population were greater than those of the Spanish population. The Anterior Bolton ratio of Peruvian individuals was greater than that of the Spanish, whereas no differences were found for Overall Bolton ratio. These differences suggest the need for specific standards for the Spanish and Peruvian population.

Cardiac screening before noncardiac surgery.

Cardiovascular complications are infrequent but can result in significant morbidity following noncardiac surgery, especially in patients with peripheral vascular disease or increased age. All patients require some level of preoperative screening to identify and minimize immediate and future risk, with a careful focus on known coronary artery disease or risks for coronary artery disease and functional capacity. The 2007 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines are clear that noninvasive and invasive testing should be limited to circumstances in which results will clearly affect patient management or in which testing would otherwise be indicated. beta-Blocker therapy has become controversial in light of recent publications but should be continued in patients already on therapy, and started in patients with high cardiac risk undergoing intermediate- or high-risk surgery.

WITHDRAWN: Glyconutrient Supplementation in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis.

Abstract Background: Numerous anecdotal reports claim that patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may benefit from glyconutrient (GN) supplementation; however, little if any empirical evidence exists. This pilot study examined the benefits of GN supplementation on various objective and subjective physiologic measures related to MG. Methods: Seven (7) male and 12 female volunteer patients (n = 19) with symptomatic MG, ages 16-84 (54.79 +/- 18.36) were randomly assigned to either a GN intervention group (IG) or control-crossover group (CCG) that began the GN dietary intervention at 6 weeks. Patients were assessed at various time intervals over 52 weeks and included physiologic measures using the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMG) along with several self-report measures related to current health status. Results: At baseline, no significant differences (p > 0.05) existed between the CCG and IG on any of the test parameters. At 6 weeks, the IG demonstrated significantly (p < 0.01) improved QMG scores while the CCG remained essentially the same. The CCG, which had begun the dietary intervention protocol 6 weeks into the study, also exhibited significant (p < 0.01) improvement in QMG scores similar to that of the IG. At 52 weeks, the entire sample exhibited significant improvement (p < 0.01) in QMG scores from baseline. Significant (p < 0.05) percentage improvement was also reported from subjective measures of activities of daily living (78.3%), energy (81.0%), endurance (79.6%), productivity (92.8%), and quality of life (88.6%). Conclusions: Dietary support with GN may potentially provide physiologic benefits to patients with MG. Continued efficacy studies employing randomized placebo-controlled trials examining specific GN are warranted to evaluate possible autoimmune benefit.

Global epidemic of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-I (HTLV-I): an update.

Infection with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I) is now a global epidemic, affecting 10 to 20 million people. This virus has been linked to life-threatening, incurable diseases, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), as well as several chronic illnesses, such as uveitis and dermatitis. The cumulative lifetime risk of developing these incurable diseases is approximately 5% in asymptomatic patients. For operating room personnel performing surgery among patients from high-risk groups, HTLV-I and its associated diseases are presenting an increasing challenge. This report describes its transmission, seroprevalence, treatment, and public health initiatives that must be instituted to prevent the spread of this retrovirus. Coinfection with HTLV-I and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to accelerate the progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Disfunción de ATM: ortodoncia como alternativa de tratamiento / TMJ dysfunction: orthodontics as an alternative treatment

Una paciente de 19 años de edad con sindrome doloroso miofacial tratada mediante férulas miorelajantes durante cuatro años sin resultados positivos, fue transferida al área de ortodoncia. Se diagnósticó maloclusión Clase I. Antes, durante y después del tratamiento ortodóncico se realizaron registros estandarizados que incluyeron: modelos de estudio, radiografías panorámica y cefalométrica, registros, fotográficos, electromiográficos y kinesiográficos. La recuperación de las relaciones oclusales armonicas condujo a un mejoramiento de la sintomatología y la comparación de los registros pre y post tratamiento mostró cambios significativos en la actividad muscular y movimientos mandibulares excursivos. El presente caso es un ejemplo de los beneficios del tratamiento ortodóncico como alternativa en casos de disfunción de ATM y sindrome doloroso miofacial.

Proporciones faciales en niños mestizos de 3, 4 y 5 años de edad / Facial proportions in 3, 4 and 5 years old mestizo children

El propósito de la presente investigación de corte transversal fue evaluar los cambios en las dimensiones faciales en niños mestizos de 3, 4 y 5 años de edad para determinar valores que pueden ser utilizados luego como patrón de referencia. Las medidas se obtuvieron de fotografías frontales y laterales de 48 sujetos (8 hombres y 8 mujeres cada grupo de edad). En cada fotografía se identificaron 15 puntos y 14 medidas lineales. Los cambios fueron evaluados mediante comparaciones de proporciones. Se utilizó el test U de Mann-Whitney para determinar el dimorfismo sexual y el test de Kruskall-Wallis para determinar diferencias entre grupos de edad. Los resultados fueron: (1) Existe una variación en la forma y dimensión del crecimiento en las distintas regiones faciales analizadas. (2) No existe dimorfismos exual. (3) La relación entre los tercios medio e inferior de la cara no sufre cambio y alcanza, a esta temprana edad, los valores encontrados en el adulto joven. (4) Dentro del tercio inferior las distintas proporciones sufren cambios importantes. (5) La oreja acompaña relativamente el desarrollo vertical de la cara. (6) El desarrollo vertical de la cara es proporcionalmente mayor que el transversal que el resto de la cara. (7) El ancho gonial tiene el mismo desarrollo proporcional transversal que el resto de la cara. (8) La dimensión labial horizontal aumenta. (9) Los anchos intercantales externo e interno y el ancho nasal mantiene un desarrollo transversal proporcional. (10) Lateralmente no se producen cambios importantes en las proporciones analizadas.

Tratamiento de caninos impactados mediante exposición quirúrgica y tracción ortodóncica: reporte de un caso / surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of impacted cuspids: report of a case

Se reporta el tratamiento de un caso de caninos impactados utilizando procedimientos quirúrgicos y tracción ortodoncica. El caso correspondiente a una adolescente de 14 años de edad que presentaba ausencia de caninos superiores y seudo prognatismo mandibular. El tratamiento consistió en la obtención del espacio adecuado para los caninos mediante disyunción palatina con Hyrax y la exodoncia de una de las premolares. Después de la exposición quirúrgica de los caninos se realizó su tracción al plano oclusal, el cual se obtuvo después de un año de tratamiento. El fácil acceso quirúrgico y la posición vertical de los caninos determinaron el tipo de tratamiento. Se presenta y discute las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento de estos casos, incluyendo el autotransplante y la exodoncia de los caninos impactados.