A polymeric drug for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Sulfasalazine (SASP) consists of salicylic acid azo linked at the 5-position to a pyridine-containing sulfonamide. This drug, currently used in inflammatory bowel disease treatment, is reductively cleaved by anaerobic bacteria in the lower bowel to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine (SP). Recent reports indicate that 5-ASA is the active therapeutic moiety and that SP is responsible for a variety of adverse clinical side effects. Water-soluble polymer 7, which contains salicylate residues azo linked at the 5-position to an inert polymer backbone, has been synthesized for the site-specific reductive release of 5-ASA in the lower bowel. Preparations of 7 deliver (chemical reduction) greater than 1.96 mmol of 5-ASA/g of polymer. In vitro studies with the polymer in anaerobic rat cecal bacteria demonstrated a reduction rate of approximately 1 mu equiv of azo bond h-1 (mL of cecal content)-1. A pharmacokinetic comparison of polymer and SASP showed similar deliveries of 5-ASA and metabolites to the lower bowel, blood, and urine of orally dosed rats. Polymer 7 proved more active than SASP or 5-ASA in the guinea pig ulcerative colitis model. Potential therapeutic advantages of 7 include nonabsorption/nonmetabolism in the small intestine, direct 5-ASA release at the disease site, and nonabsorption/nonmetabolism of the reduction-released carrier polymer.

Intestinal degradation and absorption of the glycosidic sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A.

Contrary to prior indications, the glycosidic sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A are degraded to the diterpenoid aglycone steviol by rat intestinal microflora in vitro. Additional studies with steviol-17-[14C] show almost total absorption from the rat lower bowel following intracecal administration.