Determination of free and total myo-inositol in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula by high- performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, including a novel total extraction using microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment: first action 2012.12.

After an assessment of data generated from a single-laboratory validation study published in J. AOAC Int. 95, 1469-1478 (2012), a method for determining total myo-inositol in infant formula and adult/ pediatric nutritional formula by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), including extraction by using microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment was presented for consideration by AOAC during the AOAC Annual Meeting held in Las Vegas, NV, from September 30 to October 3, 2012. The Expert Review Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals concluded that the method met the criteria set by the standard method performance requirements (SMPRs) for the determination of free myo-inositol and approved the method as AOAC Official First Action. The method also determines total myo-inositol, but includes bound sources that the SMPRs exclude. The method involves using HPAEC-PAD for free myo-inositol and a total myo-inositol determination by two different techniques. The first technique uses the conventional acid hydrolysis with 6 h incubation in an autoclave. The second uses a microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis with enzymatic treatment that decreases the extraction time.

Analysis of free and total myo-inositol in foods, feeds, and infant formula by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, including a novel total extraction using microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment.

A method for the analysis of free and total myo-inositol in foods, feeds, and infant formulas has been developed and validated using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The option of a free myo-inositol determination or a complete total myo-inositol determination from main bound sources can be achieved. These sources include phytates, lower'phosphorylated forms, and phosphatidylinositol. This approach gives the option for subtraction of myo-inositol from nonbioavailable sources when it is quantified using other methods if a total bioavailable myo-inositol result is desired for nutritional labeling of a product. The free analysis was validated in a milk-based infant formula, giving RSD(R) of 2.29% and RSD, of 2.06%. A mean recovery of 97.9% was achieved from various spike levels of myo-inositol. Certified National Institute of Standards and Technology reference material verified the method's compatibility and specificity. Two different total analyses were validated in a soy-based infant formula and compared. One technique involved using a conventional acid hydrolysis with autoclave incubation for 6 h, while the other used a novel technique of microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis with enzymatic treatment that can minimize extraction to 1 day. The autoclave analysis had RSD(R) of 2.08% and RSDr of 1.55%, along with a mean spike recovery of 102.1% at various myo-inositol spike levels. The microwave/enzyme total analysis had RSD(R) of 4.34% and RSD, of 4.70%, along with a mean spike recovery of 104.2% at various spike levels of myo-inositol. Main sources of myo-inositol including phytic acid and phosphatidylinositol were tested with both total analyses. Mean recoveries of phytic acid and phosphatidylinositol through the autoclave total analysis were 90.4 and 98.3%, respectively. Mean spike recoveries for these same sources in soy- based infant formula through the microwave/enzyme total analysis were 97.2 and 96.3%, respectively. Comparison of soy-based infant formula and corn grain samples with high levels of these main sources showed in similar results, indicating both total analyses are acceptable for use. An additional glycerol kinase step was also developed to remove glycerol from the chromatographic elution window of myoinositol in samples with high levels of glycerol.

Application of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the measurement of vitamin D in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula: First Action 2011.11.

In an effort to measure vitamin D, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was applied to samples. The use of UHPLC-MS/MS decreased the run time by 50%. The UHPLC-MS/MS achieved equal or better separation efficiency with complex food matrixes compared to HPLC-MS/MS. It was also observed that under the optimized conditions of UHPLC, all previtamins of vitamin D3, D2, and isotope-labeled vitamin D3 were baseline-separated from their corresponding vitamins. The sterol isomers found in complex food matrixes that interfere in the analysis were well separated from the analytes. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1849 infant reference material. The average vitamin D3 concentration was 0.251 +/- 0.012 microg/g. This showed excellent agreement with the certified value of 0.251 +/- 0.027 microg/g. The spike recovery study of a commercial infant formula matrix showed a range of recovery from 100 to 108%. The LOQ values determined were 0.0022 and 0.0028 microg/g for vitamins D3 and D2, respectively; LOD values were 0.00065 and 0.00083 microg/g for vitamins D3 and D2, respectively.

Application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the measurement of vitamin D in foods and nutritional supplements.

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS/MS was applied to measure vitamin D in various foods and nutritional supplements. The run-time of the chromatographic separation was cut from 20 min in HPLC/MS/MS to 10 min in UPLC/MS/MS, while equal or better separation efficiency was achieved to deal with complex food matrixes. Under the optimized conditions, all the previtamins of vitamin D3, D2, and isotope-labeled vitamin D3 were baseline-separated from their corresponding vitamins. It was also demonstrated that many sterol isomers in complex food matrixes that interfere in the analysis could be well-separated from the analytes. Accuracy of this method was evaluated by analysis of NIST SRM 1849 infant formula reference material. With eight replicates, the average vitamin D3 concentration was 0.251 +/- 0.012 mg/kg, an excellent agreement with the certified value of 0.251 +/- 0.027 mg/kg. In addition, spike recovery from a commercial infant formula matrix was in the range of 100 to 108% for both vitamins D3 and D2 at three spike concentration levels. The spike recovery for an even more complex matrix, pet food, was 101-105%. LOQ values were 0.026 and 0.033 IU/g, or 0.086 and 0.11 IU/mL in solution, for vitamins D3 and D2, respectively. The dynamic range had three orders of magnitude, which made the method flexible and useful to deal with the wide concentration range of vitamin D in various samples. The method was robust based on the results of changing the parameters of LC separation and MS measurement. This accurate and reliable vitamin D method increased instrument efficiency and analysis productivity significantly.

Measurement of vitamin D in foods and nutritional supplements by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with great nutritional interest. An HPLC/MS/MS method was developed to measure vitamin D with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Under the experimental parameters used, the LOQ was 0.018 IU/g or 0.45 ng/g, which greatly enhances the capability of measurement of vitamin D at low levels in foods and supplements. This method was validated with spike recovery of 100 +/- 15% and the RSD of less than 10% for most sample matrixes, including infant formula, cheese, cereal and cereal-based foods, multivitamin supplements, and pet foods. The results for vitamin D were compared with those obtained by other methods.

Measurement of water-soluble B vitamins in infant formula by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A method has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of multiple B vitamins (i.e., B1, B2, B3, B5, and B6) in infant formulas by LC-MSIMS. The vitamins were extracted with acidic solvent, followed by protein precipitation at a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5, and filtered. This simplified procedure eliminates many of the potential sources of laboratory error and facilitates rapid and efficient analysis. As is common in most cases, isotope internal standards were added to account for variations in sample preparation, as well as changes in MS measurement. In this method, isotope-labeled internal standards of B1, B3, B5, and B6 were used. The factors affecting analytical performance were investigated and optimized. In addition, the stability of these vitamins in the extraction solution was investigated. An acidic condition (5 mM HCl) was applied to successfully stabilize B1, which had shown a decrease in signal when other solvents were used. The quantitative extraction and good stability allowed isotope standards to be added to the filtered sample solution, instead of to the extraction solvent. The addition of the isotope to the small portion of the filtered sample solution significantly reduces cost. A comprehensive evaluation of the analysis of the standard reference material and good spike recovery of the vitamins (100 +/- 6%) demonstrates the accuracy of the method. The results for commercially available infant formula samples were also compared with those obtained using the current microbiological method.

Proposed modifications to AOAC 996.06, optimizing the determination of trans fatty acids: presentation of data.

The increased focus on the accuracy of trans fatty acid data generated using current methodologies has resulted in research initiatives to optimize the quality of these assays. In this study, scientists combined the established methodology from AOAC 996.06 and the American Oil Chemists Society method Ce 1h-05, as well as other independent research. As a result, method modifications are proposed that could allow for a more accurate determination of trans fat than the current AOAC 996.06 method. Validation data from this study are presented. The authors encourage peer review and offer to facilitate a collaborative validation to update AOAC 996.06.