RESUMO
Oxazepam (2.5-80 mg/kg) induced significant mouse killing among large samples (N = 100/dose) of Holtzman strain albino rats. Meprobamate (2.5-80 mg/kg) and Chlorpromazine (0.5-4 mg/kg) did not induce killing. Despite its lesser tendency to induce aggression in humans, Oxazepam is as potent as Chlordiazepoxide for inducing killing by rats. Induction of mouse killing by rats appears to the predict clinical potency rather than the aggressive side-effects of anxiolytic benzodiazepines.
Assuntos
Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxazepam/farmacologia , Animais , Clordiazepóxido/farmacologia , Clorpromazina/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Masculino , Meprobamato/farmacologia , Camundongos , Pilocarpina/farmacologia , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Effects of three treatments that induce mouse killing by rats were examined with cats. Food deprivation induced about 50% killing after 24 hr and almost 100% killing by 27 hr. Pilocarpine (at doses of 1.0 mg/kg that produced marked side-effects, and whether or not methyl atropine pretreatment blocked those side-effects) and chlordiazepoxide (at doses of 1.0--2.0 mg/kg) did not induce any killing. Pilocarpine produced a dose-related inhibition of spontaneous mouse killing (as it does in rats), but this was antagonised by methyl atropine. The side-effects of pilocarpine and chlordiazepoxide did not seem to account for their failure to induce killing. In contrast with food deprivation, the mechanisms by which pilocarpine and chloridazepoxide induce killing in rats may not have homologs in cats.
Assuntos
Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Privação de Alimentos , Pilocarpina/farmacologia , Animais , Atropina/farmacologia , Gatos , Clordiazepóxido/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
Amphetamines (d- at 0.5--4 mg/kg; 1- at 2--4 mg/kg) inhibited spontaneous mouse killing by some, but not all cats. Various other drugs (drugs and maximum tested doses were: imipramine, 64 mg/kg; amitriptyline, 32 mg/kg; tranylcypromine, 2 mg/kg; tripelennamine, 4 mg/kg; scopolamine, 1 mg/kg; methyl scopolamine 1 mg/kg; chlordiazepoxide 16 mg/kg; diazepam 4 mg/kg; meprobamate, 80 mg/kg; pentobarbital, 16 mg/kg; chlorpromazine, 8 mg/kg; and haloperidol, 0.5 mg/kg) did not reliably inhibit such killing. In contrast with rats, mouse killing by cats was not consistently blocked by antidepressants or amphetamines. When individual cats were inhibited, their reduction of killing seemed related to anorexia rather than to affective arousal.
Assuntos
Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Amitriptilina/farmacologia , Anfetamina/farmacologia , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Gatos , Condicionamento Operante/efeitos dos fármacos , Dextroanfetamina/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imipramina/farmacologia , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
Chlordiazepoxide HCl, at dose levels from 2.5 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg, significantly increased the low base rates of mouse killing (3-9%) observed in large samples (N = 100/dose) of Holtzman strain albino male rats. Maximal killing rates were obtained at doses from 7.5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. Diazepam was equally effective, and several times more potent than chlordiazepoxide. Pentobarbital did not increase killing. Killing induced by chlordiazepoxide was blocked by d-amphetamine SO4, but not by l-amphetamine, at dose levels similar to those that block undrugged killing in this strain (ED50 = 1.5 mg/kg). Unlike pilocarpine-induced killing, the effects of chlordiazepoxide were not increased or decreased significantly by either peripherally or centrally active anticholinergic drugs, over wide dose ranges of these agents; nor were the effects of chlordiazepoxide increased by repeated daily administration.
