First record of Pseudoryzomys simplex (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) in a flooded area of the Pantanal, Brazil / Primeiro registro de Pseudoryzomys simplex (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) em área alagada do Pantanal, Brasil

Abstract Pseudoryzomys simplex is a small to medium sized terrestrial rodent confined to lowland open areas with strong seasonal rainfall throughout the Chaco, Cerrado and Caatinga. Despite its extensive range, the species is difficult to trap. In this report we provide the first record of P. simplex in the Pantanal, where three specimens were collected in a pasture of exotic grass. The specimens are morpometrically similar to the population from Paraguay (Chaco). In this sense, our report shows how interesting a taxonomic review of the species would be to better understand the real significance of the geographic variation herein observed.

Resumo Pseudoryzomys simplex é um roedor terrestre de pequeno a médio porte que ocorre em áreas abertas de planícies com fortes precipitações sazonais ao longo dos Chaco, Cerrado e Caatinga. Apesar de sua extensa distribuição, a espécie é difícil de ser capturada. No presente estudo, fornecemos o primeiro registro de P. simplex no Pantanal, onde três espécimes foram coletados em uma pastagem de capim exótico. Os espécimes são morfometricamente semelhantes à da população do Paraguai (Chaco). Neste sentido, o nosso relatório mostra quão interessante seria uma revisão taxonômica das espécies para melhor compreender o significado real da variação geográfica aqui observada.

Endoparasites of wild animals from three biomes in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil / Endoparasitas de animais silvestres de três biomas do Mato Grosso, Brasil

The population of wild animals is regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors, and parasites are a biotic factor that affects the dynamic and density of host populations. From 2002 to 2014, 62 wild animals from the biomes Pantanal, Amazon, and "Cerrado" (or Savanna), which died in attendance in the veterinary hospital or have been road-killed, underwent necropsy for parasitological examination. Overall, 36 species of parasites were identified from 24 host species. Among the parasites, the most prevalent order was Oxyurida (29.1%), followed by Strongylida (20.9%), Spirurida (19.4%), Ascaridida (16.2%), Pentastomida (3.2%), Echinostomida (3.2%), Gygantorhynchia (3.2%), Rhabditida (1.6%), Plagiorchiida (1.6%), and Monilimorfida (1.6%), especially nematodes, which have more biotic potential and is more easily adapted to the environment than other classes. The occurrence of endoparasites was observed more frequently in endothermic than ectothermic animals, and herein is reported eleven new host occurrences for endoparasites in wild animals. The study has contributed to the knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites in wild animals from three biomes in central-western Brazil.(AU)

Populações de animais selvagens são reguladas por diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos, e parasitas são um fator biótico que afetam a dinâmica e a densidade de populações. De 2002 até 2014, 62 animais silvestres provenientes dos biomas Pantanal, Amazônia e Cerrado, que vieram a óbito no atendimento do hospital veterinário ou foram encontrados atropelados em rodovias, foram submetidos à necropsia parasitológica. Ao todo 36 espécies de parasitas foram identificadas em 24 espécies de hospedeiros. Entre os parasitas, a ordem mais prevalente foi Oxyurida (29,1%), seguida por Strongylida (20,9%), Spirurida (19,4%), Ascaridida (16,2%), Pentastomida (3,2%), Echinostomida (3,2%), Gygantorhynchia (3,2%), Rhabditida (1,6%), Plagiorchiida (1,6%) e Monilimorfida (1,6%), destacando-se os nematódeos, por seu maior potencial biótico e facilidade de adaptação ao meio do que as demais classes. A maior ocorrência de endoparasitas foi observada em animais endotérmicos que ectotérmicos, e este estudo registra onze novas ocorrências de hospedeiros para endoparasitas de animais selvagens. O estudo contribui para o conhecimento da biodiversidade de parasitas em animais silvestres dos três biomas do Centro-Oeste do Brasil.(AU)

First record of Pseudoryzomys simplex (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) in a flooded area of the Pantanal, Brazil.

Pseudoryzomys simplex is a small to medium sized terrestrial rodent confined to lowland open areas with strong seasonal rainfall throughout the Chaco, Cerrado and Caatinga. Despite its extensive range, the species is difficult to trap. In this report we provide the first record of P. simplex in the Pantanal, where three specimens were collected in a pasture of exotic grass. The specimens are morpometrically similar to the population from Paraguay (Chaco). In this sense, our report shows how interesting a taxonomic review of the species would be to better understand the real significance of the geographic variation herein observed.

Pitfall in pediatric dialysis: malposition of a dialysis catheter mimicking azygos continuation syndrome.

Central venous catheters are established as vascular access in hemodialysis therapy. Vascular catheter misdirection may occur and is a well known problem. We present a rare catheter malposition in a young dialysis patient with consequent dilatation of the azygos vein system, simulating the appearance of an azygos continuation syndrome.

Atypical herpes simplex encephalitis presenting as operculum syndrome.

This case report demonstrates the course of herpes simplex virus cerebritis in a patient aged 7 years 2 months who presented with non-specific symptoms followed by an epileptic attack. Subcortical, bilateral opercular and bilateral thalamic lesions were detected, but the temporal and inferior frontal lobes were spared. The patient developed anarthria, impairment of mastication and swallowing consistent with operculum syndrome. Diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance imaging and elevation of oligoclonal antibodies specific to herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid after an unexpectedly negative polymerase chain reaction test.

Membrane recycling at the cytoproct of Tetrahymena.

Exocytosis and membrane recycling at the cytoproct (cell anus) of Tetrahymena pyriformis were studied using thin-section electron microscopy. Single cells were fixed at specific times relative to the elimination of the vacuole's contents--before elimination, at elimination, 3--5 s and 10--15 s following elimination. The closed cytoproct is distinguished from other pellicular regions by a single membrane at the cell surface which is circumscribed by an electron-opaque flange that links or welds the plasma membrane to the underlying alveolar margins. Microtubules originating in the flange pass inward where they lie over, and possibly guide, the approaching food vacuoles to the cytoproct. Food facuoles near the cytoproct are also accompanied by coats of microfilaments. These microfilaments appear to be active in the channelling and endocytosis of food vacuole membrane. Upon cytoproct opening the plasma membrane and food vacuole membrane fuse. Elimination seems to be essentially passive and is accomplished by re-engulfment of the old food vacuole membrane which is constantly associated with microfilaments. Reengulfment of all the food vacuole membrane requires 10--15 s and results in a closed cytoproct. The membrane remnants embedded in microfilaments form a cluster under the closed cytoproct. At the periphery of this cluster remnants take the shape of 70--130-nm spherical vesicles or 0.2-micrometer-long flattened vesicles.