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1.
Curr Opin Pulm Med ; 25(6): 555-560, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31503214

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To understand the importance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the cognitive and sensorimotor development via neural plasticity during embryonic development and infants. RECENT FINDINGS: REM sleep has remained a mystery as many of the underlying mechanisms of REM sleep remain unclear. Recent findings have demonstrated that REM sleep selectively prunes newly formed dendritic spines in the developing brain as well as strengthening new synapses in the developing brain. This process is critical for normal neuronal circuit development and behavioral improvement after learning. SUMMARY: Although many mechanisms of REM sleep remain unclear, recent findings strongly suggest that REM sleep is vitally important in pruning synapses as well as maintaining new synapses for the development of a healthy brain. Developmental neuroplasticity refers to the continuous change of the developing brain during fetal development. Lack of plasticity may result in reduced intellectual ability, reduced learning and memory consolidation, and mental illness.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal , Sono REM/fisiologia , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Aprendizagem/fisiologia
2.
Interv Neuroradiol ; 25(3): 322-329, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31138039

RESUMO

We present a case of a novel restrictive cerebral venopathy in a child, consisting of a bilateral network of small to medium cortical veins without evidence of arteriovenous shunting, absence of the deep venous system, venous ischemia, elevated intracranial pressure, and intracranial calcifications. The condition is unlike other diseases characterized by networks of small veins, including cerebral proliferative angiopathy, Sturge-Weber syndrome, or developmental venous anomaly. While this case may be the result of an anatomic variation leading to the congenital absence of or early occlusion of the deep venous system, the insidious nature over many years argues against this. The absence of large cortical veins suggests a congenital abnormality of the venous structure. The child's presentation with a seizure-like event followed by protracted hemiparesis is consistent with venous ischemia. We propose that this is likely to represent a new clinicopathological entity.


Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Paralisia Cerebral/complicações , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Exame Neurológico , Paresia/etiologia , Convulsões/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal
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