The relationship between eating disorders and substance use: moving beyond co-prevalence research.

The frequent comorbidity of eating disorders and substance use has been demonstrated consistently by research. Less is known about the basis of this relationship. A review of the literature indicates that the hypotheses proposed to clarify the etiological relationship between eating disorders and substance use have not been supported sufficiently or consistently by empirical evidence. General criticisms include: a lack of well developed models, a reliance on co-prevalence data, and a lack of integration of knowledge from eating disorder and substance use research. It is suggested that an understanding of the etiological relationship between eating disorders and substance use will be arrived at only after fundamental inquiries into the functional relationship between eating disorders symptomatology and substance use patterns have been conducted. A behavioral assessment approach is offered as a means of evaluating the functional relationship between eating disorder symptomatology and substance use.

The effect of self-discrepancy and discrepancy salience on alcohol consumption.

The effect of self-discrepancy magnitude and salience on alcohol consumption was examined in an ad lib drinking study in order to evaluate the utility of the self-inflation component of the myopia model for better understanding drinking practices. Participants were 33 males and 27 females recruited on a university campus. It was predicted that participants with relatively large real self/ideal self discrepancies on dimensions important to their self-concept would consume the greatest amount of alcohol in a wine tasting test. Moreover, this effect was expected to be enhanced when self-discrepancies were made salient. The results of hierarchical regression analyses showed a main effect of gender and a significant interaction between self-discrepancy magnitude and salience condition. However, the interaction was such that wine consumption tended to decrease as discrepancy magnitude increased in the condition in which self-discrepancies were made salient, with the opposite relationship in the control condition. Three possible reasons for the unexpected findings are discussed: (a) The salience manipulation did not perform as expected: (b) the sample had little to gain from self-inflation: and (c) typically, self-inflation does not significantly motivate alcohol consumption.

More on the accurate measurement of refractive indices.

Measurement of refractive indices using the normalincidenceprocedure and its relationship to the general andminimum deviation method are described.

Cryogenic refractive indices of ZnSe, Ge, and Si at 10.6 microm.

Refractive-indexm easurementsa s a function of temperature have been made for zinc selenide, germanium, and silicon at 10.6 jlm over a temperature range of 20-300 K. Each measurement was made by finding the deviation angle of a beam perpendicularly incident on a right triangle prism. The curves for index of refraction versus temperature have been fitted to polynomials, and values for the change in index with temperature are given as a function of temperature.

Light-scattering models for spheres on a conducting plane: comparison with experiment.

Three models have been developed to describe light scattering from a sphere in contact with a mirror. With two of the models the mirror was replaced with an image sphere. Light scattering from each sphere is assumed to follow the Mie theory: no further interaction between the sphere and mirror is assumed. The models differ in their consideration of the interaction of scattered fields from the spheres. The results of the models are compared to experimental values obtained for polystyrene spheres, 0.984 microm in diameter, with incident radiation lambda= 0.6328 and 0.4416 microm. The comparison indicates that a best fit can be obtained by assuming that the real sphere and its image sphere are coherent light sources with a phase difference of pi.

Measurements of Martin Black at approximately 10 microm.

The BRDF values of several samples of Martin Black have been measured at 10.6 microm and several angles of incidence. The values are in good agreement with data taken recently on an identical sample with a different instrument and with data from an identical sample taken several years ago with a similar instrument.

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite solar-shield material.

The BRDF values of a special, striated gold sample at 10.6 and 118 microm were measured. For 118-microm radiation the values decrease from beta - beta(0) = 0.1 to 1 for both orientations, but the vertical orientation of stria always produces a higher value. At 10.6 microm the horizontal orientation produces BRDF values that start at approximately 10(-2) at 0.1 and decrease to approximately 5 x 10(-4) at 1. The vertical orientation generates curves that are considerably higher.

Infrared target design: fabrication considerations.

The fabrication issues involved in the design of an infrared target are presented.

Image chopping techniques for fast measurement of irradiance distribution parameters.

In several applications it is necessary to get a fast evaluation of the shape and quality of an image of a point source. Since a complete description by means of the point spread function involves time-consuming data processing, it is necessary to limit the evaluation to a set of parameters which can be measured at high rates. Such a set can be defined in terms of the first and second moments of the distribution. In this article the centroid, variance, eccentricity, and angle of the principal axes are suggested as pertinent parameters, and an image chopping technique for fast measurement of these parameters is described.

Cryogenic refractive indices and temperature coefficients of cadmium telluride from 6 microm to 22 microm.

The index of refraction and its variation with wavelength and temperature were measured for cadmium telluride made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The measurement at 20 K using liquid helium as coolant is reported for the first time. The refractive index at 10 microm and 20 K is 2.6466, and the average temperature coefficient at 10 microm and in the range 20-80 K is 4.9 x 10(-5)/K.

Cryogenic temperature IR refractive indices of cesium bromide and cesium iodide.

The refractive indices and their variation with temperature and wavelength in the range 80-300 K and 2-30 microm are measured for cesium bromide and cesium iodide. The indices are also fitted using both Sellmeier and Herzberger types of equations.

Refractive index of Irtran 2 as a function of wavelength and temperature.

Data are presented for the refractive index of Irtran 2, a hot-pressed microcrystalline compact of ZnS, made by the Eastman Kodak Company, from 1 microm to 15 microm and from 93 K to 283 K. The values range from 2.35 at both high temperatures and short wavelengths to 2.12 at the opposite extremes. The average value of dn/dT is about 4 x 10(-5) K(-1) at 104 K for all wavelengths, with a value of 2 x 10(-7) K(-2) for the temperature variation of dn/dT.

Infrared refractometer measurements of adhesives.

The real part of the refractive index of the optical cements, Eastman Kodak, HE-79; Lensbond, M-62; Epotek, 301 and 310; and Loctites, 307, IS-06, IS-04E, IS-12 (the latter three are Super Bonders), have been measured. The values are reported in most part over the 1-5-microm wavelength range. The samples were measured in a setting to which they are subjected in normal optical use. The technique used to obtain the values in this manner was an Abbé ir refractometer. The composite range in indices is from 1.46 to 1.54. The precision of the instrument and the accuracy of the data are discussed.