Diet-gene interaction: effects of polymorphisms in the ACE, AGT and BDKRB2 genes and the consumption of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium on blood pressure of normotensive adult individuals.

Functional variants in genes of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems have already been implicated in blood pressure (BP) modulation, but few studies have focused on a nutrigenetics approach. Thus, the aim of this study is to verify the effects of the interaction between genetic polymorphisms (rs4340-ACE, rs699-AGT, and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and micronutrient consumption (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) on BP values of normotensive adult individuals. The study included 335 adults, men and women, 25.5 (6.6) years old. Biochemical, anthropometric, BP measurements, and food intake data were assessed for all participants. Gene-nutrient interaction on BP outcome was tested by multiple linear regression with manual backward stepwise modeling. Our results indicated that individuals with G allele for rs699 polymorphism, in the increase of sodium and magnesium consumption, both in the genotypic model (sodium, p = 0.035; magnesium, p = 0.016) and in the dominant model (sodium, p = 0.009; magnesium, p = 0.006) had higher systolic BP (SBP) levels compared to AA homozygotes (sodium, p = 0.001; magnesium, p < 0.001). Also, individuals with the T allele for the rs1799722 polymorphism, with higher calcium intake, had significantly higher levels of SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) when compared to CC homozygotes (p = 0.037). In conclusion, our findings pointed for significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms (rs699-AGT and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and the consumption of micronutrients (sodium, magnesium, and calcium) on the BP variation. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in BP regulation, which probable include several gene-nutrition interactions.

Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and triglyceride to HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-c) as predictors of cardiometabolic risk.

INTRODUCTION: The excessive concentration of fat in the abdominal region is related to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have been performed to identify simple and effective indicators of abdominal obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk through the use of simple parameters such as anthropometric and biochemical measures. The Triglyceride / High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) has been proposed as a more practical and easy to use atherogenic marker, along with the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), which makes a superior tool for separating cardiometabolic risk related to overweight/obesity when comparing to Body Mass Index (BMI). OBJECTIVE: To verify the applicability of the WHtR and the TG/HDL-c ratio as predictors of cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Nutrition of the UNIVATES University Center, where the participant's anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) 20.0, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 498 individuals took part on this research, 77.5% female and with a mean age of 25.5 ± 6.5. A high percentage of fat was found in both men and women (19.9 ± 5.80% and 29.24 ± 5.43%, respectively). The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25Kg/m(2)) was 35.05%. The WHtR marker was significantly correlated to Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglyceride (TG) and Anthropometric BMI values, waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%). For the TG/HDL-c ratio, there was a positive and significant correlation to the same markers, beyond TC. There was also a correlation between WHtR and TG/HDL-c, and both presented a negative and significant correlation with HDL-c. CONCLUSION: WHtR and TG/HDL-c values were found to be good markers for the cardiometabolic risk ratio in the studied sample. Several studies, original articles and academic reviews confirm the use of the WHtR or TG/HDL-c markers for that purpose in adults.

Introducción: La concentracion excesiva de grasa en la region abdominal se relaciona con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Se han realizado estudios para identificar los indicadores simples y eficaces de la obesidad abdominal y el riesgo cardiometabolico asociados con el uso de parametros simples, como las medidas antropometricas y bioquimicas. El / alta densidad de colesterol de lipoproteinas de trigliceridos (TG / HDL-c) se ha propuesto como un enfoque mas practico y facil de usar marcador aterogenico, junto con la relacion cintura-estatura (RCEst), lo que hace que una herramienta superior para separar cardiometabolico riesgos relacionados con el sobrepeso / obesidad cuando se compara con el indice de masa corporal (IMC). Objetivo: Verificar la aplicabilidad de la RCEst y la relacion TG / HDL-c como predictores de riesgo cardiometabolico. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se llevo a cabo en el Departamento de Nutricion del Centro Universitario UNIVATES, donde se recogieron datos antropometricos y bioquimicos de los participantes. El analisis estadistico se realizo mediante el paquete estadistico para el software de Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) 20,0, con un nivel de significacion del 5% (p.

Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and triglyceride to HDL-c ratio (TG/HDL-c) as predictors of cardiometabolic risk / Razón cintura-estatura (RCA) y los triglicéridos en comparación con el HDL-C (TG / HDL-C): como predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico

Introduction: The excessive concentration of fat in the abdominal region is related to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have been performed to identify simple and effective indicators of abdominal obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk through the use of simple parameters such as anthropometric and biochemical measures. The Triglyceride / High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) has been proposed as a more practical and easy to use atherogenic marker, along with the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), which makes a superior tool for separating cardiometabolic risk related to overweight/obesity when comparing to Body Mass Index (BMI). Objective: To verify the applicability of the WHtR and the TG/HDL-c ratio as predictors of cardiometabolic risk. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Nutrition of the UNIVATES University Center, where the participant’s anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) 20.0, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 498 individuals took part on this research, 77.5% female and with a mean age of 25.5±6.5. A high percentage of fat was found in both men and women (19.9 ±5.80% and 29.24±5.43%, respectively). The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25Kg/m²) was 35.05%. The WHtR marker was significantly correlated to Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglyceride (TG) and Anthropometric BMI values, waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%). For the TG/HDL-c ratio, there was a positive and significant correlation to the same markers, beyond TC. There was also a correlation between WHtR and TG/HDL-c, and both presented a negative and significant correlation with HDL-c. Conclusion: WHtR and TG/HDL-c values were found to be good markers for the cardiometabolic risk ratio in the studied sample. Several studies, original articles and academic reviews confirm the use of the WHtR or TG/ HDL-c markers for that purpose in adults (AU)

Introducción: La concentración excesiva de grasa en la region abdominal se relaciona con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Se han realizado estudios para identificar los indicadores simples y eficaces de la obesidad abdominal y el riesgo cardiometabólico asociados con el uso de parámetros simples, como las medidas antropométricas y bioquímicas. El / alta densidad de colesterol de lipoproteínas de triglicéridos (TG / HDL-c) se ha propuesto como un enfoque mas practico y fácil de usar marcador aterogénico, junto con la relación cintura-estatura (RCEst), lo que hace que una herramienta superior para separar cardiometabólico riesgos relacionados con el sobrepeso / obesidad cuando se compara con el indice de masa corporal (IMC). Objetivo: Verificar la aplicabilidad de la RCEst y la relación TG / HDL-c como predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se llevo a cabo en el Departamento de Nutrición del Centro Universitario UNIVATES, donde se recogieron datos antropométricos y bioquímicos de los participantes. El análisis estadístico se realizo mediante el paquete estadístico para el software de Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) 20,0, con un nivel de significación del 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: Un total de 498 personas participaron en esta investigación, el 77,5% de mujeres y con una edad media de 25,5 } 6,5. Un alto porcentaje de grasa se encuentra en hombres y mujeres (19,9 } 5,80% y 29,24 } 5,43%, respectivamente). La prevalencia de sobrepeso / obesidad (IMC ≥ 25 kg / m2) fue 35,05%. El marcador RCEst se correlaciono significativamente con baja densidad de colesterol de lipoproteinas (LDL-c), triglicéridos (TG) y antropométricos IMC valores, la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (% GC). Para la relación TG / HDL-c, hubo una correlación positiva y significativa para los mismos marcadores, mas allá de TC. También hubo una correlación entre la RCEst y TG / HDL-c, y ambos presentaron una correlación negativa y significativa con el HDL-c. Conclusión: No se encontraron valores RCEst y TG / HDL-c para ser buenos marcadores de la razón de riesgo cardiometabólico en la muestra estudiada. Varios estudios, artículos originales y revisiones académicas confirman el uso de la RCEst o marcadores TG / HDL-c para tal fin en los adultos (AU)