We don't know what you did last summer. On the importance of transparent reporting of reaction time data pre-processing.

In behavioral, cognitive, and social sciences, reaction time measures are an important source of information. However, analyses on reaction time data are affected by researchers' analytical choices and the order in which these choices are applied. The results of a systematic literature review, presented in this paper, revealed that the justification for and order in which analytical choices are conducted are rarely reported, leading to difficulty in reproducing results and interpreting mixed findings. To address this methodological shortcoming, we created a checklist on reporting reaction time pre-processing to make these decisions more explicit, improve transparency, and thus, promote best practices within the field. The importance of the pre-processing checklist was additionally supported by an expert consensus survey and a multiverse analysis. Consequently, we appeal for maximal transparency on all methods applied and offer a checklist to improve replicability and reproducibility of studies that use reaction time measures.

Low prevalence search for cancers in mammograms: Evidence using laboratory experiments and computer aided detection.

People miss a large proportion of targets when they only appear rarely. This Low Prevalence (LP) Effect could lead to serious consequences if it occurred in the real-world task of searching for cancers in mammograms. Using a novel mammogram search task, we asked participants to search for a prespecified cancer (Experiments 1-2) or a range of masses (Experiments 3-5) under high or low prevalence conditions. Experiment 1 showed that an LP Effect occurred using these stimuli. Experiment 2 tested an overreliance hypothesis and showed that the use of Computer Aided Detection (CAD) led to fewer missed cancers with a valid CAD prompt yet, a large proportion of cancers were missed when CAD was incorrect. Experiment 3-5 showed that false alarms also increased when searching for a range of masses and that CAD reduced miss errors when it correctly cued the target but increased miss errors and false alarms when it did not. Furthermore, when a mass fell outside the CAD prompt it was more likely to be misidentified. No LP Effect was observed with the addition of CAD when people were asked to search for a range of targets. Theories and implications for mammogram search are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

The addition of transglutaminase improves the physical quality of extruded fish feed.

OBJECTIVES: The possibility of improving the physical quality of extruded fish feed using transglutaminase (TGase) treatment at different stages of the production process was investigated. RESULTS: The addition of TGase to the raw material mix and processing under high and medium moisture conditions significantly increased (p > 0.05) the durability, hardness and elasticity of fish feed pellets. However, the water stability of feeds was only improved when the TGase was applied in the vacuum coater; when it was mixed with the dry raw materials, the water stability of the product decreased. By further optimization of the enzyme dose when added to the vacuum coater, an increase in pellet durability was observed at enzyme dosages between 2.5 and 5 g kg(-1). Application of TGase in the coating step allowed an 87.5 % decrease in the dose of enzyme in feed produced under high moisture conditions. CONCLUSIONS: TGase treatment improves the physical quality of extruded fish feed, and the importance of optimization of enzyme dosage and processing conditions was demonstrated.

Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study.

Films based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both in their free -NH2 and protonated -NH3(+) form. Analysis of FT-IR spectra of two-component, fish gelatin-chitosan film revealed the formation not only of hydrogen bonds within and between chains of polymers, but also of electrostatic interactions between -COO(-) of gelatin and -NH3(+) of chitosan. Modification with EDC provided cross-linking of composites of the film. New iso-peptide bonds formed between activated carboxylic acid groups of glutamic or aspartic acid residue of gelatin and amine groups of gelatin or/and chitosan.