Evaluation of Renoprotective Effects of Our Locally Grown Green Coffee Beans against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice.

INTRODUCTION: Nephrotoxicity is the most common and severe side effect of cisplatin. Cisplatin causes nephrotoxicity through free radical production and debilitating cellular antioxidant capacity. Coffee is a commonly consumed drink and its ingredients have antioxidant roles that could bring benefits to patients affected by nephrotoxicity. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of our locally grown green coffee beans against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. METHODS: The posttest only control group design was employed on a total of thirty male Swiss albino mice. The mice were divided into five groups: group I (normal control group) received distilled water; group II (negative control group) received distilled water; and groups III-V (treatment groups) received 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW/day of green coffee bean extract for 14 days, respectively. Nephrotoxicity was induced in groups II-V by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg). All mice were sacrificed after 14 days and blood was drawn to evaluate kidney function tests (serum creatinine and serum blood urea nitrogen). Besides, body weight, relative kidney weight, and kidney histopathology were investigated. RESULT: Our results showed that treatment of cisplatin alone (group II mice) significantly increased serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, relative kidney weight, and pathological damage to the kidney with a decrease in final body weight. However, low-dose green coffee beans (group III), medium-dose green coffee beans (group IV), and high-dose green coffee beans (group V) mice showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, and relative kidney weight. Furthermore, the dose-dependent treatment with green coffee bean extract prevented the decrease in body weight gain and pathological damage to the kidney in mice. CONCLUSION: Our locally grown green coffee beans brought a dose-dependent ameliorative effect and a promising preventive approach against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in mice.

Prevalence and Determinants of Hyperuricemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Jimma Medical Center, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and determinants of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center from March 1 to June 30, 2019. METHODS: This institution-based cross-sectional study was used to assess the level of serum uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients attending their follow-up at Jimma Medical Center chronic illness clinic. A systematic sampling technique was used to include 287 type 2 diabetic patients in the study and an interviewer-based questionnaire was used to collect important data from each participant. Five milliliters of blood were collected from each participant under sterile conditions and serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Serum was stored at -20°C and analyzed for serum uric acid using an ABX Pentra 400 clinical chemistry analyzer. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to assess significant associations between hyperuricemia and independent factors. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant in the final model. RESULTS: The mean±SD age of the study participants was 51.79±14.36 years. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was found to be 22% (n=66/287) in the study population. Hyperuricemia was common in those aged ≥60 years and males. Obesity (AOR=7.84, 95% CI=2.005-30.666), duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) ≥10 years (AOR=3.963, 95% CI=1.902-8.259), family history of CVD (AOR=2.929, 95% CI=1.124-7.630), alcohol drinking (AOR=5.83, 95% CI=2.341-14.545) and increased DBP (AOR=4.198, 95% CI=1.772-9.949) were determinant variables for hyperuricemia in type 2 DM. CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia was relatively common among type 2 diabetic patients. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was common among patients with obesity, a long duration of DM and increased diastolic blood pressure, and alcohol drinkers. There is a need to raise awareness of lifestyle modification, healthy behavior and early diagnosis of hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetic patients.

Sharps injuries prevention among healthcare providers in surgical, medical and pediatric wards of a public hospital in Jimma Zone: a best practice implementation project.

BACKGROUND: Sharps injuries are a serious public health problem that healthcare providers face and constitute a major risk for the transmission of blood-borne infections. Prevention of sharps injuries in hospitals requires that healthcare providers comply with universal precautions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess and improve the compliance of healthcare providers with protocols based on best available evidence for prevention of sharps injuries in medical, surgical and pediatric wards of the hospital. METHODS: A three-phase clinical audit was carried out using the online JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice Program. Six audit criteria based on available evidence were used. Phase 1 of the project was the baseline audit, phase 2 the implementation of the best practice, and phase 3 the follow-up audit. Data were collected through observation, interview and resource inventory. RESULTS: The postintervention compliance report showed maximum improvement in compliance in criterion 1 (sharps containers are not filled above the mark that indicates the bin is full) and criterion 2 (sharps containers are positioned out of the reach of children at a height that enables safe disposal by staff). Between the baseline and postintervention audits, the compliance rate for these criteria improved by more than half (criterion 1) and by nine-fold (criterion 2) (from 38 to 100% and 0 to 93%, respectively). During baseline, two nurses reported experiencing sharps injuries, noting that they think it is not important to report the injury if the patient is negative for HIV, and when they do not know where to report it, regardless. At the postintervention audit no injuries were reported. CONCLUSION: The best practice recommendations using a clinical audit process was an effective intervention for improving knowledge and compliance of healthcare workers with protocols for the prevention of sharps injuries in low-resource settings.

The Effect of Palm Oil-Fried Street Kokor on Liver and Kidney Biomarkers of Swiss Albino Mice.

BACKGROUND: Foods fried with oils at streets contain many harmful substances for health. Locally fried foods are consumed commonly in our society, yet their health effect is not studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of palm oil-fried street kokor on liver and kidney biomarkers of Swiss Albino mice. METHODS: Thirty-two male and female Swiss Albino mice with the age of 10-12 weeks old were divided randomly into four groups of eight members with equal male and female subgroups. The control group (group I) received only a standard pellet, and the experimental groups (group II, group III, and group IV) received 10%, 20%, and 30% kokor of their daily food consumption, respectively. At the end of the 6th week, they were sacrificed by thoracoabdominal incision after anesthetizing by diethyl ether. Blood was taken from each mouse by cardiac puncture and analyzed for liver and kidney function tests. RESULT: The serum levels of liver damage biomarkers (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and kidney damage biomarkers (urea and creatinine) of experimental groups were increased significantly relative to the control groups (P < 0.05). Level of biochemical profiles increased as the dose of kokor increased. CONCLUSIONS: Palm oil-fried street kokor damaged the liver and kidney of the mice, and the damage was exacerbated as the dose of kokor increased.