National Institutes of Health Funding for Tobacco Control: 2006 and 2016.

PURPOSE: The study objective was to describe and compare changes in newly funded National Institutes of Health (NIH) tobacco-related awards between fiscal year (FY) 2006 and FY2016. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of NIH data. SETTING: National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool database was used. SUBJECTS: National Institutes of Health tobacco-related awards newly funded during FY2006 and FY2016. MEASURES: Search terms included tobacco, smoking, nicotine, secondhand smoke, and e-cigarettes. Grants and funding amounts were retrieved. ANALYSIS: We calculated frequency distributions to determine the number and percentage of total NIH grants funded overall and by specific institute, and inflation-adjusted total and median funding amounts. We computed percentage differences in number of new grants, funding amounts, and percentage of funding allocated overall, and by institute. RESULTS: There was a 187% increase in the percentage of total NIH funding allocated to new tobacco-related awards from 0.09% in FY2006 to 0.25% in FY2016. Total number of awards increased by 67% in FY2016 (n = 144; $56 015 931) compared to FY2006 (n = 86; $22 076 987), and there was a 154% increase in inflation-adjusted total funding for tobacco control. The top funding institutes were National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Cancer Institute; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism was third in FY2006; and National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in FY2016. Research grants were the most frequently funded. Smoking cessation was a common topic area and increased by 64%. CONCLUSION: NIH funding is critical for advancing the science of nicotine and tobacco research.

Dual- and Polytobacco/Nicotine Product Use Trends in a National Sample of High School Students.

PURPOSE: The study purpose was to examine changes in patterns of ever and current dual- and polyproduct use over time and to examine demographic and modifiable risk factors including tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). DESIGN: A secondary analysis of the 2013 to 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey data. SETTING: Nationwide high schools were selected. SUBJECTS: A total of 31 022 high school students. MEASURES: Ever and current (past 30 days) tobacco/nicotine product use, home tobacco/nicotine product use, TSE and e-cigarette vapor exposure, and demographic characteristics were measured. ANALYSIS: Multivariable logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the students, 9.4% were ever dual users and 18.6% were ever poly users. Rates of ever/current use of e-cigarettes and hookah increased from 2013 to 2015 (all Ps < .001). In 2015, participants were 4.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5-5.2) and 4.0 times (95% CI, 3.5-4.4) more likely to report ever/current e-cigarette use and 1.61 times (95% CI, 1.5-1.7) and 1.48 times (95% CI, 1.3-1.7) more likely to report ever/current hookah use. Participants reporting TSE were 15.4 times (95% CI, 11.5-21.0) more likely to report current poly use, and those with e-cigarette exposure were 10.4 times (95% CI, 7.8-13.8) more likely to report current poly use. CONCLUSION: From 2013 to 2015, rates of ever and current use of e-cigarettes and hookah increased. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette exposure were associated with higher rates of dual and poly use. Prevention efforts targeting these products are needed.