RESUMO
(E)-3-tridecen-2-one, the major volatile component of interdigital gland extracts from the black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes, and the fungi, Trichophyton mentagrophytes had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 micrograms/mL and 25 micrograms/mL, respectively.
Assuntos
Alcenos/farmacologia , Cervos/metabolismo , Glândulas Exócrinas/metabolismo , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Alcenos/química , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
Three volatile ketones, 2-tridecanone, (E)-3-tridecen-2-one and (E)-4-tridecen-2-one were identified in interdigital gland extracts from black-tailed deer,Odocoileus hemionus columbianus. The major compound, (E)-3-tridecen-2-one, inhibited the growth of several species of fungi and grampositive bacteria. The bacterium,Propionibacterium acnes, and the fungus,Trichophyton mentagrophytes required a minimum concentration (MIC) of 12.5 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml, respectively, for inhibition, (E)-3-Tridecen-2-one represents a new class of lipid antibiotics found on animal skin. The second major compound is this secretion, 2-tridecanone, was not active against any of the organisms tested.
RESUMO
Previous analyses of the scent gland secretions of snakes have focused on the nonvolatile components. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of secretions from North American garter snakes (Thamnophis butleri, T. couchi, T. elegans, T. melanogaster, andT. sirtalis) indicated the following seven major volatile components: acetic, propanoic, 2-methylpropanoic, butanoic, and 3-methylbutanoic acids, trimethylamine, and 2-piperidone. Five or more of these compounds were observed in secretions of select boid, colubrid, pythonid, and viperid snakes, suggesting that they are widespread scent gland products. 3-Methylbutanal also was detected in some snake species.
RESUMO
GC-MS analysis of the anal sac secretion from the hog-nosed skunk,Conepatus mesoleucus, showed two major volatile components, (E)-2-butene-1-thiol and (E)-S-2-butenyl thioacetate. Minor volatile components identified from this secretion were phenylmethanethiol, 2-methylquinoline, 2-quinolinemethanethiol, and bis[(E)-2-butenyl] disulfide. 3-Methyl-1-butanethiol, a major component in the defensive spray of the striped skunk,Mephitis mephitis, and the spotted skunk,Spilogale putorius, was absent from this secretion.
RESUMO
Several species of marine benthic algae, four species of phytoplankton and two species of seagrass have been subjected to ultraviolet B irradiation for varying lengths of time and the effects on respiration, photosynthesis and fluorescence rise kinetics studied. No effect on respiration was found. Photosynthesis was inhibited to a variable degree in all groups of plants after irradiation over periods of up to 1 h and variable fluorescence was also inhibited in a similar way. The most sensitive plants were phytoplankton and deep-water benthic algae. Intertidal benthic algae were the least sensitive to UV-B irradiation and this may be related to adaptation, through the accumulation of UV-B screening compounds, to high light/high UV-B levels. Inhibition of variable fluorescence (Fv) of the fluorescence rise curve was a fast and sensitive indicator of UV-B damage. Two plants studied, a brown alga and a seagrass, showed very poor recovery of Fv over a period of 32 h.
RESUMO
GC-MS analysis of the anal sac secretion from the spotted skunk,Spilogale putorius, showed three major volatile components: (E)-2-butene-1-thiol, 3-methyl-1-butanethiol, and 2-phenylethanethiol. Minor volatile components identified from this secretion were: phenylmethanethiol, 2-methylquinoline, 2-quinolinemethanethiol, bis[(E)-2-butenyl] disulfide, (E)-2-butenyl 3-methylbufyl disulfide, bis(3-methylbutyl) disulfide. All of these compounds except 2-phenylethanethioi have been identified previously from the striped skunk,Mephitis mephitis. The thioacetate derivativesS- (E)-2-butenyl thioacetate,S-3-methylbutanyl thioacetate, andS-2-quinolinemethyl thioacetate found in the striped skunk were not seen in this species.
RESUMO
GC-MS analysis of the anal sac secretion of the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), shows seven major components: (E)-2-butene-1-thiol, 3-methyl-1-butanethiol, S-(E)-2-butenyl thioacetate,S-3-methylbutanyl thioacetate, 2-methylquinoline, 2-quinolinemethanethiol, andS-2-quinolinemethyl thioacetate. The following compounds previously reported from this secretion could not be confirmed: bis(2-butenyl) sulfide, (E)-2-Butenyl methyl disuffide, (E)-2-butenyl propyl sulfide, butyl 3-methylbutyl disulfide, and 2-butenyl butyl disulfide.
RESUMO
Reaction of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione (2, "uracil anhydride") with protected 1-O-acetylribofuranoses in the presence of stannic chloride gave the corresponding block nucleosides. 3-(2,3-5-Tri-O-2',2',2'-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione (4c) thus prepared from the protected sugar 3c, 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)ribofuranose, gave, on removal of the protecting groups with zinc dust,3-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione (1). The structure of 1 was confirmed by uv, ir, NMR, and CD spectral data and was shown to be an N nucleoside. Uracil anhydride, 2, and, to a lesser extent, its ribonucleoside 1 exert a moderate growth inhibition of mouse leukemia L5178Y, HeLa, and Novikoff hepatoma cells i- culture. Both compounds produce weak inhibition of vaccinia viral replication in HeLa cells.
