Respiratory distress in a neonate: Inflation of a third branchial anomaly with positive airway pressure.

Positive airway pressure from noninvasive ventilation is an essential tool for many pediatric patients with respiratory distress. We present a case of an unknown third branchial anomaly that was diagnosed following inflation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which exacerbated the infant's respiratory distress.

Retinopathy of prematurity practices: a national survey of Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

OBJECTIVE: To examine current level three Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) practices related to ROP screening and treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was sent to 29 level three NICU's across Canada to survey current screening inclusion criteria, treatment options, supportive care and post-screening events for ROP. RESULT: 22/29 (76%) level three NICU's responded. Ten different ROP screening inclusion criteria were found to be in use with significant variation in gestational age and birth weight criteria. Many other national variations also exist regarding the supportive and procedural protocols surrounding ROP screening as well as mode of treatment for ROP. CONCLUSION: Despite national guidelines, significant variation in ROP screening inclusion criteria practices exist among neonatal units in Canada. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better evidence-based screening guidelines as well as a need to standardize supportive measures surrounding ROP screening and treatment.