RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14; TNFRSF12A) is the cell surface receptor for the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). The Fn14 gene is normally expressed at low levels in healthy tissues but expression is significantly increased after tissue injury and in many solid tumor types, including glioblastoma (GB; formerly referred to as 'GB multiforme'). GB is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and the current standard-of-care therapeutic regimen has a relatively small impact on patient survival, primarily because glioma cells have an inherent propensity to invade into normal brain parenchyma, which invariably leads to tumor recurrence and patient death. Despite major, concerted efforts to find new treatments, a new GB therapeutic that improves survival has not been introduced since 2005. In this review article, we summarize studies indicating that (i) Fn14 gene expression is low in normal brain tissue but is upregulated in advanced brain cancers and, in particular, in GB tumors exhibiting the mesenchymal molecular subtype; (ii) Fn14 expression can be detected in glioma cells residing in both the tumor core and invasive rim regions, with the maximal levels found in the invading glioma cells located within normal brain tissue; and (iii) TWEAK: Fn14 engagement as well as Fn14 overexpression can stimulate glioma cell migration, invasion and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. We also discuss two new therapeutic platforms that are currently in development that leverage Fn14 overexpression in GB tumors as a way to deliver cytotoxic agents to the glioma cells remaining after surgical resection while sparing normal healthy brain cells.
Assuntos
Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/genética , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Apoptose/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Citocina TWEAK , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioblastoma/patologia , Glioblastoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/biossíntese , Receptor de TWEAK , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/biossínteseRESUMO
The affinity of amide-linked 5'-aminoacyl and 5'-dipeptidyl DNA octamers for two RNA undecamers with 3'-overhangs was measured via UV melting analysis. A sequence-dependent increase in melting points was observed. At low ionic strength, two appended lysine residues elevate melting points more than two additional A:U base pairs.
