Synergistic N/Mn Codoping Deagglomerate Carbon Coating of LiFePO4/C To Boost Electrochemical Performance.

LiFePO4 is widely used because of its high safety and cycle stability, but its inefficient electronic conductivity combined with sluggish Li+ diffusivity restricts its performance. To overcome this obstacle, applying a layer of conductive carbon onto the surface of LiFePO4 has the greatest improvement in electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusivity. However, the rate performance of carbon-coated LiFePO4 makes it difficult to meet the application requirements. Although nitrogen doping improves electrochemical performance by providing active sites and electronic conductivity, the N-doped carbon coating is prone to agglomeration, which causes a sharp decrease in capacity when the current rate increases. In this work, a synergistic N, Mn codoping strategy is implemented to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by disrupting the large agglomeration of C-N bonds, improving the uniformity of the surface coating layer to enhance the completeness of the conductive network and increasing the number of Li+ diffusion channels, and thus accelerating the mass transfer rate under high-rate current. Consequently, this strategy effectively improves the rate capability (119 mA h g-1 at 10 C) while maintaining excellent cycling performance (88% capacity retention over 600 cycles at 5 C). This work improves the rate of ion diffusion and the rate capability of micrometer-sized LiFePO4, thus, enabling its wider application.

Promotion of anaerobic biodegradation of azo dye RR2 by different biowaste-derived biochars: Characteristics and mechanism study by machine learning.

The addition of biochar resulted in a 31.5 % to 44.6 % increase in decolorization efficiency and favorable decolorization stability. Biochar promoted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, especially humic-like and fulvic-like substances. Additionally, biochar enhanced the electron transfer capacity of anaerobic sludge and facilitated surface attachment of microbial cells. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that biochar reduced microbial species diversity, enriching fermentative bacteria such as Trichococcus. Finally, a machine learning model was employed to establish a predictive model for biochar characteristics and decolorization efficiency. Biochar electrical conductivity, H/C ratio, and O/C ratio had the most significant impact on RR2 anaerobic decolorization efficiency. According to the results, the possible mechanism of RR2 anaerobic decolorization enhanced by different types of biochar was proposed.

Long-term toxicity, pharmacokinetics and immune effects of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 proteins (HPV16 E6E7-Ad5 Vac) in primates.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to: evaluate long-term toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters; to identify the target organ of toxicity of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 proteins (HPV16 E6E7-Ad5 Vac) in primates; and to determine the specific immune response of this recombinant adenovirus vaccine. METHOD: HPV16 E6E7-Ad5 Vac (dose 4.68 × 109 IU/bottle) was administered to Macaca fascicularis (M. fascicularis) to evaluate its long-term toxicity. The Cynomolgus Monkeys were divided into a negative control group (sodium chloride injection group), a low-dose group (4.68 × 108 IU/macaque), and, a high-dose group (4.68 × 109 IU/macaque). The drugs were administered at intervals of once every three weeks (D1, D21, D42). The macaques were observed until the sixth week of the recovery period (D84) for safety and toxicological indicators and pharmacokinetic indicators. To study the specific immune response in Rhesus Macaque, empty viruses (rAd5-null) and buffer were inoculated as controls, respectively. Two doses of the vaccine were given at 1.0 × 108 IU/ml and 1.0 × 109 IU/ml and theHPV-16 E6-/HPV-16 E7-specific IFN-γ productions were measured. RESULTS: The macaques of both the high-dose group and the low-dose group did not exhibit any systemic toxic response. The administered safe dose of the vaccine was 4.68 × 109 IU per animal. Following vaccination, HPV16 E6/E7-specific antibodies were observed to be generated in both groups, indicating an immune response of the lymphocytes targeting HPV16 E6 and HPV16 E7 epitopes (specific NF-r) was elicited. The peak level of HPV-16 E6-/HPV-16 E7-specific IFN-γ production was observed in the ninth week.