TRIM52 knockdown inhibits proliferation, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in IL-1ß-induced synovial fibroblasts to alleviate temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

To explore the mechanism of tripartite motif 52 (TRIM52) in the progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Gene and protein expression were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biochemical kit, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays were carried out to assess cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of CD68 and Vimentin in primary synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Haematoxylin and eosin staining and Safranin O/Fast green were used to evaluate the pathological damage of synovial and cartilage tissue in rats. TRIM52 was upregulated in the synovial tissue and SFs in patients with TMJOA. Interleukin (IL)-1ß treatment upregulated TRIM52 expression in TMJOA SFs and normal SF (NSF), promoting cell proliferation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in NSF, SFs. Silence of TRIM52 relieved the cell proliferation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by IL-1ß in SFs, while overexpression of TRIM52 enhanced IL-1ß induction. Meanwhile, IL-1ß induction activated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, which was augmented by upregulation of TRIM52 in NSF, and was attenuated by TRIM52 knockdown in SFs. Besides, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid ameliorated IL-1ß-induced proliferation and inflammatory response by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling. Meanwhile, TRIM52 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in IL-1ß-induced SFs through downregulation of TLR4. TRIM52 promoted cell proliferation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in IL-1ß-induced SFs. The above functions were mediated by the activation of TLR4/NF- κB signal pathway.

Analysis of the Curative Effect of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Release and Fixation Combined with Chitosan Injection in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthrosis.

OBJECTIVE: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is common in clinic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of disc release, fixation and chitosan injection in the treatment of TMJ-OA. METHODS: From March 2021 to March 2022, 32 patients who underwent the unilateral reduction and fixation of temporomandibular joint disc release were retrospectively studied. All patients were diagnosed with TMJ-OA and were treated with chitosan injection. This group of patients was analyzed by the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and improvement of maximum comfortable mouth opening before treatment and 6 months after treatment. A paired t-test was used to evaluate the treatment effect, and p < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant. RESULTS: All 32 patients were successfully treated by surgery and chitosan injection in the second week after operation. The duration of disease in this group ranged from 1 to 10 months, with an average of 5.7 months. After 6 months of follow up, 30 patients were satisfied with the treatment and two were unsatisfied. The difference in the treatment effect was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Temporomandibular joint disc release and fixation combined with chitosan injection is effective in the treatment of TMJ-OA.

Efficacy analysis of splint combined with platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of splints combined with PRP for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Methods: Thirty-one patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis who were treated with splints combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from January 2021 to June 2021 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University (Shenyang, China) were retrospectively reviewed. The VAS scores of all the patients were recorded before and 6 months after treatment, and the maximum comfortable mouth opening was recorded. All data were analyzed by the paired t-test using SPSS software, and a p-value < 0.05 indicated statistically significant differences. Results: Splint + PRP treatment was successful in 31 patients. The mean pretreatment VAS score was 6.1, and the mean VAS score 6 months posttreatment was 4.1. The posttreatment VAS score was significantly lower than the preoperative VAS score (p < 0.05). The mean pretreatment maximum comfortable mouth opening (MCMO) was 27.6 mm, and the mean MCMO 6 months posttreatment was 34.8 mm. The MCMO was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Splint + PRP is an effective treatment for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Treatment Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Parotitis Related to Diabetes: A Retrospective Analysis of 12 Cases.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe our experience in treating chronic obstructive parotitis (COP) related to diabetes. Methods: Twelve patients with COP related to diabetes were selected for the study. A sialendoscope was introduced from the orifice to investigate the ductal wall and lumen. During the operation, chymotrypsin and gentamicin were injected. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) evaluations and salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) examinations were applied to evaluate the therapeutic effect; differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: A sialendoscope was successfully used under local anesthesia in all members of the cohort. As shown by the endoscope, mucus plugs were the most common feature. Some adhered tightly to the ductal wall. We also found ductal congestion in some cases. The postoperative VAS scores and SGS counts were both significantly lower than the preoperative values (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chymotrypsin administration during interventional sialendoscopy is significantly effective in the treatment of diabetes-related COP.

Piezo1 Affects Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis by Influencing pSmad3.

Objective: The aim of this research was to study the expression of Piezo1 in a rat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis animal model and to explore its mechanism for inducing inflammatory changes. Methods: A total of 24male SD rats aged approximately 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: the blank control group, complete Freund's adjuvant group (CFA), and CFA + inhibitor (GsMTx4) group. After 3 weeks, the condylar heads of the rats were evaluated by micro-CT, HE, immunohistochemistry, safranin O staining, and other experimental techniques. Protein was extracted from the subchondral bone, and the changes in Piezo1, Smad3, and pSmad3 levels in each group were detected by Western blotting. p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The degree of damage to the cartilage and subchondral bone in the Piezo1 inhibitor group was smaller than that in the CFA group. The expression level of Piezo1 in the CFA group was higher than that in the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant. The expression of pSmad3 in the CFA group was also higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Piezo1 is expressed in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone of rats, and the degree of condylar destruction can be improved by influencing the pSmad3 expression.

Comparison of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma and Chitosan in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to study the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injected into the upper cavity of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) on the treatment of TMJ osteoarthritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 27 patients with TMJ osteoarthritis treated at the China Medical University Hospital of Stomatology from September 2018 to September 2019. Maximal interincisal opening, pain intensity, and TMJ sounds were recorded and compared before treatment and at the 3rd and 6th months after the treatment. SPSS 24.0 software was used to analyze the data of each group, and the imaging changes in the condylar bone were compared before and 6 months after the treatment. The P-value was set at .05. RESULTS: Better results were observed in the group treated with PRP on maximal interincisal opening and pain intensity than in the group receiving chitosan treatment. Regarding TMJ sounds, relief was observed in both groups, with no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of PRP on the improvement of the maximal interincisal opening and pain intensity of patients with TMJ osteoarthritis is better than that of chitosan. However, it should be noted that the incidence of complications associated with the injection of PRP may be higher than that with injection of chitosan.

Sialendoscopy-Assisted Treatment of Stensen's Duct Injury: A Case Series.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical value of sialendoscopy in the treatment of Stensen's duct injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 5 patients with Stensen's duct injuries who had been treated from December 2017 to April 2019 were included in the present study. The operations were performed with the help of a sialendoscope. All patients were followed for 6 months. RESULTS: The distal end of the ductal system was found precisely with the use of the sialendoscope, and the proximal end was identified by the location of the distal end. The end-to-end anastomosis was performed successfully. None of the patients complained of salivary gland fistula at the 6-month follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: The stumps of the ductal system could be precisely and effectively located with the help of a sialendoscope.

Advantages of submandibular gland preservation surgery over submandibular gland resection for proximal submandibular stones.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare surgical outcomes after the removal of submandibular gland (SMG) stones via 2 different surgical methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2015 to July 2016, a total of 40 patients with SMG stones were selected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University (Shenyang, China), and were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Twenty patients underwent sialendoscopy-assisted stone removal via extraoral incision with preservation of the SMG, and 20 patients underwent traditional SMG resection. The outcomes of the 2 surgical procedures were assessed. RESULTS: The operation time and hospital stay were shorter in the SMG preservation group than the SMG resection group. There were no significant differences in stone size or location between the groups. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score was lower in the SMG preservation group than the SMG resection group. All patients in the SMG resection group exhibited varying degrees of scarring and concave deformity on the face and neck, whereas all patients in the SMG preservation group retained intact facial morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Sialendoscopy-assisted stone removal with preservation of the SMG exhibited many advantages relative to traditional SMG resection.

Sialendoscopy-assisted treatment for chronic obstructive parotitis related to Sjogren syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive parotitis related to Sjogren syndrome is not uncommon, but it is rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe our experience in the treatment of chronic obstructive parotitis related to Sjogren syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Seventeen cases of chronic obstructive parotitis related to Sjogren syndrome treated with sialendoscopy from June 2014 to June 2015 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, were retrospectively reviewed. The cohort underwent ultrasonography, salivary gland scintigraphy, and sialography before sialendoscopy. All patients were asked to complete a visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluation before and 6 months after surgery. A paired t test was conducted, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The 17 study patients (27 parotid glands) successfully underwent interventional sialendoscopy under local anesthesia. The mean preoperative VAS score was 6, and the mean VAS score 6 months after sialendoscopy was significantly lower at 4.5 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Interventional sialendoscopy plays a significant role in the treatment of chronic obstructive parotitis related to Sjogren syndrome.

Evaluation of Sialendoscopy-Assisted Treatment of Submandibular Gland Stones.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of sialendoscopy-assisted operations in the treatment of submandibular gland stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data from 8 patients with sialolithiasis who underwent sialendoscopy from August 2015 to January 2016 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University (Shenyang, China) were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients had undergone preoperative technetium-99m pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy. The results revealed that the salivary glands exhibited normal or slightly reduced uptake and excretion dysfunction. Computed tomography examinations revealed stones located in the intraductal area near the glands or in the branches that could not be removed owing to their deep locations within the mouth. Therefore, an endoscope was inserted, the stones were located intraductally using sialendoscopy, and a transcervical incision was made to remove the stones and preserve the submandibular gland. RESULTS: The stones were completely removed, and the submandibular gland was preserved in all cases. The patients recovered well postoperatively, and no complications developed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that sialendoscopy-assisted sialolithectomy is an effective and safe surgical technique for the removal of proximal and intraglandular submandibular gland stones. The patients' quality of life had obviously improved postoperatively.

Use of Vancomycin-Impregnated Calcium Sulfate in the Treatment of Osteomyelitis of the Jaw.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the effect of vancomycin-impregnated calcium sulfate in the treatment of osteomyelitis of the jaw. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients who were diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the jaw underwent treatment with vancomycin-impregnated calcium sulfate since July 2014 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University (Shenyang, China). All patients underwent debridement of nonviable bone and implantation of vancomycin-impregnated calcium sulfate. The wounds were covered with an acellular dermal matrix and sutured. RESULTS: Ten patients had satisfactory wound healing. However, 2 cases of maxillary central osteomyelitis had delayed wound healing. The wounds healed after the surgical site was resutured under local anesthesia. At 3 months, the panoramic radiograph showed that most implants had been reabsorbed and replaced by new bone formation. All patients in this study had no recurrence of infection at 6 to 18 months (mean, 10.8 months) of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The use of vancomycin-impregnated calcium sulfate in the surgical debridement site for chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw has shown encouraging results. In addition, calcium sulfate can promote the formation of new bone to a certain extent.

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Osteopetrosis Complicated by Osteomyelitis of the Mandible.

Osteopetrosis represents a heterogeneous group of rare, hereditary bone disorders with variable clinical features, and an increase in bone density. Osteomyelitis of the jaws is a significant complication of osteopetrosis. In this article, a reported patient with osteopetrosis complicated by osteomyelitis of the mandible was examined. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy, debridement of necrotic bone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy; in addition, the authors attempted to implant the calcium sulfate and vancomycin to reconstruct the bone defect. The patient demonstrated satisfactory healing, and no recurrence of osteomyelitis was observed during the 6-month follow-up period. The treatment of osteopetrosis complicated by osteomyelitis of the mandible is difficult. The treatment of osteopetrosis complicated by osteomyelitis is controversial. The authors recommend the following sequential treatment of osteopetrosis complicated by osteomyelitis of the mandible: systemic antibiotic therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy before and after surgery; debridement of the necrotic bone; sufficient periosteal coverage and adequate soft tissue to cover the wound; implantation with calcium sulfate and vancomycin to reconstruct the bone defect as much as possible, which may be helpful in treating the disease.

[Dexamethasone acetate microemulsions: formulation and effect on skin permeability].

The present project was designed to optimize the microemulsion (ME) formulation of oil in water (O/W) for dexamethasone acetate (DA), and examine its impact on DA percutaneous permeation. The saturated solubility of DA in different oils, surfactants and co-surfactants was tested. The ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant was selected by constructing pseudo three phase diagrams to investigate the maximal microemulsion area. In vitro permeation studies of DA from microemulsion and suspension were performed to optimize the formulation further. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and attenuated total reflection flourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were performed to investigate the mechanism of microemulsion action on skin. The optimized formulation was composed of oleic acid/Labrasol/propylene glycol/water with 8/45/15/32 (w/w), and the DA loading was 0.75% (w/w). The permeation enhancement of microemusion was 6.00-fold as that of suspension, and the DA from microemulsion retained in the skin was 4.79-fold as that of suspension. DSC and ATR-FTIR results suggested that microemulsion could affect the intercellular lipid lamellae and keratin of the stratum corneum. The barrier function of stratum corneum was disordered by the microemulsion so that the dermal drug delivery was enhanced. Therefore, the optimized microemulsion enhanced DA percutaneous permeation significantly through the interaction of microemulsion with skin, microemulsion is a promising approach for DA percutaneous delivery.

[Preparation and release behaviour of mesoporous silica/ethylcellulose sustained-release mini-matrix].

Hot-melt extrusion was applied to prepare mesoporous silica/ethylcellulose mini-matrix for sustained release, and fenofibrate was used as a model drug, ethylcellulose and xanthan gum were chosen as sustained-release agent and releasing moderator, respectively. This novel matrix obtained the controlled release ability by combining mesoporous silica drug delivery system and hot-melt extrusion technology. And mesoporous silica particle (SBA-15) was chosen as drug carrier to increase the dissolution rate of fenofibrate in this martix. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, small angle X-ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption were introduced to determine the particle morphology, particle size and pore structure of the synthesized SBA-15. The results showed that SBA-15 had a very high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, a narrow pore size distribution, large pore volume and a ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure of p6mm symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that fenofibrate dispersed in an amorphous state inside the pores of the mesoporous silica which contributed to the improvement in the dissolution rate. The drug release of mini-matrices was influenced by ethylcellulose viscosity grades and xanthan gum concentration, which increased with the increasing of xanthan gum concentration and decreasing of ethylcellulose viscosity. Mini-matrix containing 22% xanthan gum exhibited a good sustained release performance, and the drug release behavior followed the first-order kinetics.

Sialendoscopy-Assisted Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Parotitis­Our Treatment Strategy with 31 Patients.

PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive parotitis (COP) is the most common non-neoplastic salivary disorder. The aim of this study was to describe the authors' experience using sialendoscopy for diagnosing and treating COP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with COP who were treated with sialendoscopy from January 2013 through June 2014 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University (Shenyang, China) were retrospectively reviewed. The cohort underwent ultrasonography and salivary gland scintigraphy examinations before sialendoscopy. Patients without stones underwent sialography before surgery. All patients were asked to report visual analog scale (VAS) scores before and 6 months after surgery to evaluate their condition. A paired t test was conducted and differences with a P value less than .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Thirty patients (44 parotid glands) successfully underwent interventional sialendoscopy under local anesthesia; 1 patient (1 parotid gland) received general anesthesia. The mean preoperative VAS score was 6, and the mean VAS score 6 months after sialendoscopy was 4.9. The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower than the preoperative VAS score (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Interventional sialendoscopy plays an important role in the treatment of COP.

[In vitro targeting effect of lactoferrin modified PEGylated liposomes for hepatoma cells].

A lactoferrin-containing PEGylated liposome system (Lf-PLS) was developed and tested in vitro as a hepatoma-targeting drug delivery system. PEGylated liposomes (PLS) were successfully prepared using the thin film hydration method with peglipid post insertion. Lf was covalently conjugated onto the carboxyl terminal of DSPE-PEG2000-COOH on liposomes. Coumarin-6 was used to trace Lf-PLS with fluorescence. The cellular uptake of this system was carried out in asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) positive HepG2 cells via confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The Lf-PLS liposome was observed as spherical or oval vesicles with the particle size around 130 nm, zeta potential about -30 mV and encapsulation efficiency more than 80%. The confocal microscopy images and flow cytometry data demonstrated that Lf-PLS resulted in significantly higher cell association by ASGPR positive HepG2 cells compared to PLS. The association between Lf-PLS and cells were dependent on the concentration, time and temperature, which was inhibited by pre-incubation with excessive free Lf. The results suggest that Lf-PLS has a good targeting effect on HepG2 cells in vitro. The targeting mechanism may be related to the specific binding of Lf and ASGPR on HepG2 cells, which guides Lf-PLS to the cell surface to induce an active endocytosis process. All these results demonstrated that Lf-PLS might be a potential drug delivery system in targeting hepatocellular carcinoma, which deserves more research on its targeting ability, antitumor efficiency, and metabolism in vivo for treatment of hepatomacellular carcinoma.

The diagnostic value of technetium 99m pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy in patients with certain salivary gland diseases.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of technetium 99m pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy in patients with certain salivary gland diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 47 patients: 25 with chronic obstructive parotitis, 12 with sialolithiasis, and 10 with Sjögren syndrome. All of the patients underwent preoperative (99m)Tc-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy. Patients with chronic obstructive parotitis also underwent ultrasonography, sialography, and sialoendoscopy; patients with sialolithiasis also underwent ultrasonography and computed tomography; and patients with Sjögren syndrome also underwent ultrasonography and sialography. We made comparisons between (99m)Tc-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy and the other aforementioned diagnostic tests to investigate the role of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy in diseases of the salivary glands. RESULTS: In patients with chronic obstructive parotitis, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy showed reduced excretion by the affected glands, whereas uptake was nearly normal. Among patients with sialolithiasis, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy showed reduced excretion by the affected glands and decreased uptake in 5 patients. In patients with Sjögren syndrome, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy showed a decrease in both excretion and uptake by the 4 glands. CONCLUSIONS: Technetium 99m pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy played a substantial role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of salivary gland diseases.

Sialendoscopy-assisted treatment for radioiodine-induced sialadenitis.

PURPOSE: Chronic sialadenitis is a common complication of radioactive iodine for the treatment of thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to describe the authors' experience with interventional sialendoscopy for the management of radioiodine-induced sialadenitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with radioiodine-induced sialadenitis treated with sialendoscopy from January 2013 through December 2013 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, and time to development of radioiodine-induced sialadenitis were obtained from the hospital database. All patients were asked to undergo visual analog scale (VAS) and salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) examinations before and 6 months after surgery. A paired t test was conducted, and a P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Twelve patients (15 parotid glands and 4 submandibular glands) successfully underwent interventional sialendoscopy under local anesthesia. Ductal stenosis was the most common feature identified by endoscopy. Among the 12 patients, swelling occurred in 91.7%. Compared with the preoperative score of 6, the mean VAS score 6 months after sialendoscopy was 3; 15 glands (78.9%) showed improved uptake and excretion by SGS. The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower than the preoperative VAS score (P < .05), and the postoperative SGS result was significantly higher than the preoperative SGS result (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Interventional sialendoscopy could be an effective technique for the treatment of sialadenitis caused by radioactive iodine.

[Preparation and in vitro embolic efficiency evaluation of hydroxycamptothecine-loaded liquid embolic agent].

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preparation of hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT)-loaded cubic crystal liquid embolic precursor solution, and evaluate its in vitro embolic efficiency. Phytantriol was used as cubic crystal liquid embolic material, and the optimal formulation was selected according to ternary phase diagram. Polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to characterize the cubic crystal structure. High performance liquid chromatography and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to investigate the lactone ring of HCPT. In vitro dissolution was preliminary evaluated, and the simulation embolic model was constructed to evaluate the embolic efficiency of precursor solution. Meanwhile, the gelation time and adhesion force were investigated. The results showed that HCPT-loaded precursor solution for embolization had been successfully prepared with low viscosity which was injectable. The precursor solution could transform into Pn3m structure liquid crystal phase gel rapidly when contracting with excess water. The formed HPCT gel remained its lactone form as the same in precursor solution, and expressed the good ability to block the saline flow, and HCPT could keep sustained releasing drug over 30 days. The prepared drug-loaded embolic precursor solution showed a promising potential for vascular embolization and application in clinical treatment of tumor.