Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Hematoma Expansion Using a Single Brain Computed Tomographic Slice in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhages.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to predict hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients by using the deep learning technique. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from ICH patients treated between May 2015 and May 2019. Head computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at admission, and 6 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after admission. CT scans were mandatory when neurologic deficits occurred. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to illustrate the association between clinical variables and hematoma expansion. Convolutional neural network (CNN) was adopted to predict hematoma expansion based on brain CT slices. In addition, 5 machine learning methods, including support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron, naive Bayes, decision tree, and random forest, were also performed to predict hematoma expansion based on clinical variables for comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 223 patients were included. It was revealed that patients' older age (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.783 [1.417-1.924]), cerebral hemorrhage and breaking into the ventricle (2.524 [1.291-1.778]), coagulopathy (2.341 [1.677-3.454]), and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (1.545 [1.132-3.203]) and Glasgow Coma Scale scores (0.782 [0.432-0.918]) independently associated with hematoma expanding. After 4-5 epochs, the CNN framework was well trained. The average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CNN prediction are 0.9197, 0.8837, and 0.9058, respectively. Compared with 5 machine learning methods based on clinical variables, CNN can also achieve better performance. CONCLUSIONS: More than 90% of hematomas with or without expansion can be precisely classified by deep learning technology within this study, which is better than other methods based on clinical variables only. Deep learning technology could favorably predict hematoma expansion from non-contrast CT scan images.

Is patent foramen ovale the cause of stroke in a patient with moyamoya disease?

We reported a case of ischaemic stroke with moyamoya disease with simultaneous occurrence of patent foramen ovale. The patient underwent percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale and was scheduled for follow-up.

Thrombosis associated with ventriculoatrial shunts.

Ventriculoatrial shunts are the most common second-line procedure for cases in which ventriculoperitoneal shunts are unsuitable. Shunting-associated thrombosis is a potentially life-threatening complication after ventriculoatrial shunt insertion. The overall prevalence of this complication is still controversial because of substantial differences in the numbers found in studies using clinical data and in those analyzing postmortem findings. The etiology of thrombosis may be multifactorial, including shunt catheter itself, contents of cerebrospinal fluid, shunt infection, and genetic disorder. The clinical presentation can vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic to a life-threatening condition. Timely recognition of thromboembolic lesions is critical for treatment. However, early diagnosis and management is still challenging because of a relatively long asymptomatic latency and lack of clear guideline recommendations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of ventriculoatrial shunt thrombosis, especially to focus on its etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

[Analysis of the fractal properties of the birth weight of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep.].

Understanding of animal population genetic structure about quantitative traits is an important step in animal breeding. In the present study, the data of birth weight of the Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep was first studied by the fractal theory of nonlinear theory. The information dimension, correlation dimension, none-scale range, and the scale range were calculated. The results showed that (1) the information dimensions of the birth weight from 1996 to 2004 ranged from 0.66529 to 0.90675. The none-scale range and the range of the variation were very large. This indicates that the population had large dimensions of the BW (birth weight), large variation, and great potential in breeding; (2) the correlation dimensions ranged from 0.62438 to 0.86528, which indicates that the genetic structures of the population were highly correlated; (3) both of the two dimensions could reveal the fractal properties of the population genetic structure through two different aspects, and it was useful in studying the population genetic structure and animal breeding.

[Differentiation of Bos grunniens, Bos Taurus, and Bubalus from meat products mixture based on mitochondrion 12S rRNA gene].

Mitochondrial DNA sequence is highly conserved within species. Gene 12S rRNA is able to endure degeneration and high temperature, which allows identification of feedstuff, fresh meat, processed meat, and traceability. In the present study, three unique restriction sites were detected in the fragments of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene regions amplified with universal primer, which were able to distinguish Bos grunniens, Bos. taurus, and Bubalus in fresh meat and processed meat mixture. The fragment of yak was digested to 134 bp and 318 bp, scalper 134 bp and 318 bp, and buffalo 86 bp and 367 bp. The specific locus and digestion were verified by sequencing analysis. There was no difference between PCR amplification products from various treatments at different temperatures (i.e., 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180). However, the sig-nal was weak at 120 and above. This method is simple, fast and cheap in identification of fresh meat and processed meat.

[Construction of genetic linkage map and QTL detection of chromosome 3 in sheep].

Based on the reference family of Sichuan liangshan semi-fine sheep, the genetic linkage map was constructed by Crimap 2.4 software, which was used to detect the QTLs for growth traits by QTLExpress with nine microsatellite markers located on chromosome 3 in sheep. The results indicated that: (1) the mean of the polymorphic information content was 0.606 (0.378-0.738), and the mean heterozygosity was 0.650 (0.404-0.766); (2) the length of the linkage map was 339.8 cM, which was longer than the length of map built by the international major drawing organization for sheep with the average distance of markers of 42.5 cM; (3) The QTLs for weaning weight, weaning daily gain, and 2.5 year weight were detected at 99 cM, 219 cM, 273 cM, respectively. The effect of QTLs on weaning daily gain trait and 2.5 year weight trait were significant, except for weaning weight trait.

[SNPs of myostatin gene and its genetic effects on carcass traits in chicken].

Two polymorphic sites in the first exon 1 of MSTN gene in 180 Wenling grass-chicken including 3 lines were studied by PCR-RFLP method,and its genetic effects on carcass traits were researched. The results showed that 2 genotypes (MN and NN) in G(2100)A locus were identified by Bsh1236 I and 3 genotypes (AA, AB and BB) in G(2109)A locus were identified by Msp I, and 5 genotypes were emerged while com-analyzing 2 loci. The chi2 test indicated genotype frequencies had no significant deviation (P > 0.05) among lines. The analysis of variance showed that the different genotypes had significant deviation (P <0.01 or P < 0.05) in carcass percent. The multiple comparisons were made. The abdominal fat weight and carcass percent of heterozygosis MN were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of mutant NN,and the breast muscle weight and breast muscle percent of heterozygosis AB were significantly higher (P < 0.01 or P<0.05) than that of AA individuals. In addition,the abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percent of AA individuals were significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of mutant BB individuals,but BB individuals were significantly lower (P<0.05) than AA and AB individuals in leg muscle weight trait. The abdominal fat weight,abdominal fat percent and breast muscle percent of genotype NA/MA individuals were significantly higher or lower (P<0.01) than those in other genotype individuals while com-analyzing 2 loci.

[Correlation analysis of microsatellite DNA markers with wool traits in Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep].

Eighteen microsatellites on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 9 were studied to detect their genotypes in 206 individuals in a Liangshan Semi-fine Wool Sheep nucleus breeding population. A GLM procedure was used to analyze the effects of these 18 microsatellites on wool traits. Results uncovered 7 loci that had a significant impact on wool traits. Genotypes of that favorably affect wool traits were determined.

[Study on sex-identification of ruminant using SRY gene and microsatellite markers].

UNLABELLED: Multiplex PCR amplification of four microsatellite markers on chromosomes X and Y and the SRY gene was used to identify the sex and genotype the ruminant simultaneously in one step. Result indicated that the d SRY primers was highly specific and could be used as the main basis for sex-identification. But primer specificity was not good for Y chromosome markers MCM158 and MAF45, and therefore these markers were not suited for sex identification. The primers of two X chromosome markers MILVET09 and AE25 are amplified, but the SRY gene is not, then the individual being examined is female. Furthermore the genotype of MILVET09 and AE25 dose not affect sex determination of the female. The genotype of markers MCM158 and MAF45 dose not affect the result of sex-identification, only were able to further confirm the male identity. IN CONCLUSION: when SRY, MCM158 and MAF45 on chromosome Y and MILVET09 and AE25 on chrosomome X can all be amplified simultaneously, and when the genotype of MILVET09 and AE25 is homozygous, the animal is determined to be normal male; When only MCM158, MAF45 and MILVET09 and AE25 are amplified, but the SRY gene is not, then the individual being examined is female. Furthermore the genotype of MILVET09 and AE25 does not affect sex determination of the female. The genotype of markers MCM158 and MAF45 dose not affect the result of sex-identification.

[A linkage map of mirosatellite on chromosome 1 in Liangshan semi-wool sheep].

The 9 microsatellite markers on Chromosomes 1 were used to construct a linkage map of Liangshan semi-wool sheep with a 387 members half-sib pedigrees after paternity testing. The results were as follows: the number of alleles for 9 markers was from 5 to 15; the heterozygosity was from 0.202 to 0.831, the average heterozygosity was 0.617 and the polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.604. Length of the linkage map of chromosome 1 we built was 311.0 cM which is in consistent with the sheep linkage map of USDA and IMF, and can be used in Quantitative Trait Loci searching in Liangshan semi-wool sheep.

[Microsatellite markers for paternity testing of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep].

The usefulness of multiplex polymerase chain reaction was evaluated and fluorescent detection with 20 microsatellites was used for paternity testing of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep. The results in Cervus 2.0 indicated that the combined exclusion probability was 0.998666 when parents were both unknown. If father was known, combined exclusion probability was 0.999994, with confidence level of 95%. Finally, the biological parents of 215 individuals in offspring were found from 8 candidate fathers and 147 candidate mothers, and a mixed pedigree was constructed. It is useful for linkage analysis of sheep chromosomes and QTL location, also for the study of population structure, history, and diversity.