Physiological Mechanisms Underlying the High-Grain Yield and High-Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Elite Rice Varieties under a Low Rate of Nitrogen Application in China.

Selecting rice varieties with a high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is the best approach to reduce N fertilizer application in rice production and is one of the objectives of the Green Super Rice (GSR) Project in China. However, the performance of elite candidate GSR varieties under low N supply remains unclear. In the present study, differences in the grain yield and NUE of 13 and 14 candidate varieties with two controls were determined at a N rate of 100 kg ha(-1) in field experiments in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The grain yield for all of the rice varieties ranged from 8.67 to 11.09 t ha(-1), except for a japonica rice variety YG29, which had a grain yield of 6.42 t ha(-1). HY549 and YY4949 produced the highest grain yield, reflecting a higher biomass production and harvest index in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Total N uptake at maturity (TNPM) ranged from 144 to 210 kg ha(-1), while the nitrogen use efficiency for grain production (NUEg) ranged from 35.2 to 62.0 kg kg(-1). Both TNPM and NUEg showed a significant quadratic correlation with grain yield, indicating that it is possible to obtain high grain yield and NUEg with the reduction of TNPM. The correlation between N-related parameters and yield-related traits suggests that promoting pre-heading growth could increase TNPM, while high biomass accumulation during the grain filling period and large panicles are important for a higher NUEg. In addition, there were significant and negative correlations between the NUEg and N concentrations in leaf, stem, and grain tissues at maturity. Further improvements in NUEg require a reduction in the stem N concentration but not the leaf N concentration. The daily grain yield was the only parameter that significantly and positively correlated with both TNPMand NUEg. This study determined variations in the grain yield and NUE of elite candidate GSR rice varieties and provided plant traits that could be used as selection criteria in breeding N-efficient rice varieties.

[Impact of RelA antisense oligonucleotides on laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell proliferation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the impacts of RelA antisense oligonucleotides on proliferation in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell. METHOD: RelA antisense oligonucleotides was designed, which was transferred into laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell. MTT was used to detect the growth-inhibiting ratio at different transferred timepoints. Hep-2 cell which was transferred 48 h was used to do colony assay, and expression of RelA was detected by Reverse Transcription PCR and Western blot. RESULT: MTT results showed that RelA antisense oligonucleotides could significantly suppress the proliferation of Hep-2 cell, and the suppression-ratio elevated with time. There were statistical difference compared with control groups. The number of cells colony was reduced in RelA antisense oligonucleotides group compared with control groups, which had statistic significance. RT-PCR and Western blot results demonstrated that RelA antisense oligonucleotides could significantly inhibit the expression of messenger RNA and protein in Hep-2 cell. CONCLUSION: RelA antisense oligonucleotides can inhibit the expression of messenger RNA and protein, and induce the cell proliferation and increase the number of cells colony in Hep-2 cell.

[The effect of nuclear factor-kappaB protein expression in spiral ganglion cells of cochlea by overdosage sodium salicylate injection in guinea pigs].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of sodium salicylate on the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) protein expression in spiral ganglion cells. METHOD: Forty-eight healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: group A: the control group (0.9% sodium chloride); group B: sodium salicylate [450 mg/(kg x d)] group; group C: sodium salicylate [450 mg/(kg x d)]+chlorpromazine [5 mg/(kg x d)] group; group D: sodium salicylate [450 mg/(kg x d)] +nimodipine [3 mg/(kg x d)] group. The protein expression level of NF-kappaB was examined by immunohistochemical method. RESULT: The protein expression of NF-kappaB in spiral ganglion cells of group B was significantly higher than that of other groups. CONCLUSION: Sodium salicylate can promote the protein expression of NF-kappaB in cochlear spiral ganglion cells. Nimodipine and chloropazine can weaken the protein expression of NF-kappaB, which is caused by sodium salicylate in cochlear spiral ganglion cells.

[Nuclear factor kappaB/p65 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and clinic significance in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate nuclear factor-kappaB/p65(NF-kappaB/p65) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expressions and clinical significance in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, at the same time to investigate the relationship between the two gene expressions. METHOD: Forty-one samples of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and ten samples of vocal cord polyps were assayed using immunohistochemical SP method for detection of NF-kappaB/p65 and COX-2 protein expression level. RESULT: There is significant difference between the laryngeal carcinoma group and vocal cord polyps group about NF-kappaB/p65 and COX-2 protein expression level. Qualitative analysis found theres significant relationship between COX-2 and histological classification. There's significant correlation relationship between NF-kappaB/p65 and COX-2 by using spearman correlation analysis. CONCLUSION: (1)The expressions of NF-kappaB/p65 and COX-2 both raise in laryngeal carcinoma. (2) NF-kappaB/p65 perhaps promotes the expression of COX-2 in laryngeal carcinoma. (3) NF-kappaB was hoped to become the new treated target of laryngeal carcinoma.

[The determination of endothelin in patients with bell palsy and its significances bell palsy and its significances].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the role of the plasma endothelin in the process of Bell palsy and its relationship to prognosis. METHOD: The plasma endothelin were respectively determined with radioimmunoassay in 21 patients with Bell palsy and 20 normal control subjects. RESULT: The patients who were suffering from Bell palsy exhibited a statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in the endothelin level compared with that in the 20 normal control subjects. A significantly higher level of the plasma endothelin was found in unsatisfactory recovery group compared with that in satisfactory recovery group. CONCLUSION: Endothelin may play an important role in the process of Bell palsy, and may be a useful marker for the assessment of prognosis to the patients.