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1.
Behav Brain Res ; 379: 112365, 2020 02 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31743729

RESUMO

Re-exposure to drug or drug-associated cues after withdrawal can induce behavioral sensitization expression in animals or increase in the expected effect to drug in humans, which mean an enhanced drug seeking/taking motivation to trigger relapse after abstinence. The Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is known to play a key role in mediating this motivation. Recently, it has been shown that systemic administration of orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) antagonist attenuates animals' motivation behavior to take drug by self-administration paradigm, which is more effectively than orexin receptor 2 (OXR2) antagonist. However, the effect of OXR1 in the NAc on drug-induced locomotor sensitization remains elusive. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of OXR1 in the NAc on chronic cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Rats were given 10 mg/kg cocaine intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for five consecutive days, followed by 10 mg/kg cocaine re-exposure (challenge) on the 14th day of withdrawal. Results showed that re-exposure to cocaine after withdrawal could induce locomotor sensitization expression in cocaine-sensitized rats. Simultaneously, the number of OXR1 positive neurons and OXR1 membrane protein level in the NAc core but not the shell were significantly increased following the cocaine re-exposure. Further, micro-infusion of SB-334867, an OXR1 selective antagonist, into the NAc core but not the shell before cocaine re-exposure, significantly attenuated the expression of locomotor sensitization in rats. The findings demonstrate that OXR1 in the NAc core partially mediates the expression of chronic cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzoxazóis/farmacologia , Sensibilização do Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Cocaína/farmacologia , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/farmacologia , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Núcleo Accumbens/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Accumbens/metabolismo , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Animais , Benzoxazóis/administração & dosagem , Cocaína/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Proteínas Mitocondriais/antagonistas & inibidores , Naftiridinas/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ureia/administração & dosagem , Ureia/farmacologia
2.
PLoS One ; 13(5): e0196860, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29734343

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Developing more effective strategies to prevent relapse remains one of the major challenges of treating substance dependence. Previous studies have identified brain abnormalities in abstinent alcoholics. However, whether these persistent brain deficits in abstinence could predict early relapse to alcohol use has not been well established. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of relapse vulnerability by investigating persistent brain abnormalities in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. METHODS: Brain imaging and impulsive behavior data were collected from 56 abstinent alcohol-dependent male inpatients and 33 age-matched male healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the differences of grey matter volume between the groups. The resting-state functional connectivity was examined using brain areas with gray matter deficits as seed regions. A preliminary prospective study design was used to classify patients into abstainers and relapsers after a 62-day average abstinence period. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, both relapsers and abstainers exhibited significantly reduced gray matter volume in the cuneus. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that relapsers relative to abstainers demonstrated increased cuneus-centered negative functional connectivity within a network of brain regions which are involved in executive control and salience. Abnormal gray matter volume in the left cuneus and the functional connectivity between the right cuneus and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex could successfully predict relapse during the 3-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the abnormal gray matter volume in the cuneus and resting-state cuneus-prefrontal functional connectivity may play an important role in poor treatment outcomes in alcoholics and serve as useful neural markers of relapse vulnerability.


Assuntos
Abstinência de Álcool , Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Substância Cinzenta/fisiopatologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/fisiopatologia , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Comportamento Impulsivo/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Occipital/fisiopatologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Recidiva
3.
PLoS One ; 11(8): e0161956, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27575491

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have documented that heightened impulsivity likely contributes to the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders. However, there is still a lack of studies that comprehensively detected the brain changes associated with abnormal impulsivity in alcohol addicts. This study was designed to investigate the alterations in brain structure and functional connectivity associated with abnormal impulsivity in alcohol dependent patients. METHODS: Brain structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data as well as impulsive behavior data were collected from 20 alcohol dependent patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls respectively. Voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the differences of grey matter volume, and tract-based spatial statistics was used to detect abnormal white matter regions between alcohol dependent patients and healthy controls. The alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in alcohol dependent patients were examined using selected brain areas with gray matter deficits as seed regions. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, alcohol dependent patients had significantly reduced gray matter volume in the mesocorticolimbic system including the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex and the putamen, decreased fractional anisotropy in the regions connecting the damaged grey matter areas driven by higher radial diffusivity value in the same areas and decreased resting-state functional connectivity within the reward network. Moreover, the gray matter volume of the left medial prefrontal cortex exhibited negative correlations with various impulse indices. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that chronic alcohol dependence could cause a complex neural changes linked to abnormal impulsivity.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Alcoolismo/patologia , Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Cinzenta/patologia , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/patologia
4.
Am J Chin Med ; 44(4): 705-19, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27222065

RESUMO

While general anesthesia is known to induce cognitive deficits in elderly and pediatric patients, its influence on adults is less well-characterized. The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of propofol on the learning and memory of young adult rats, as well as the potential neuroprotective role of electroacupuncture (EA) in propofol-induced cognitive impairment. Intravenous anesthesia with propofol was administered to young adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 6 h, and EA was administered three times before and after anesthesia. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was conducted to determine the rat's cognitive performance following the anesthesia treatment. Our results showed that propofol induced obvious cognitive impairment in young adult rats, which could be ameliorated by multiple EA treatments. Moreover, the decreased level of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 ß (pGSK-3ß) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus accompanying the cognitive impairment was also reversed by EA treatment. Further experiments demonstrated that neither 2 nor 10 mg/kg (I.P.) naloxone blocked the effect of EA, indicating that the neuroprotective effect of EA on propofol-induced cognitive impairment was not mediated via the opioid receptors. The present study suggests that EA could ameliorate the cognitive impairment induced by prolonged anesthesia with propofol in young adult rats, which is likely associated with pGSK-3ß levels in the CA1 independently of opioid receptors. These findings imply that EA may be used as a potential neuroprotective therapy for post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).


Assuntos
Anestésicos Intravenosos/efeitos adversos , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Disfunção Cognitiva/terapia , Eletroacupuntura , Propofol/efeitos adversos , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Animais , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/genética , Feminino , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/genética , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Opioides/genética
5.
Pain Med ; 16(5): 839-48, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25989154

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for the treatment of withdrawal syndrome in heroin addicts. METHODS: A total of 63 male heroin addicts with withdrawal score higher than 20 were recruited in the Detoxification Center of Zhongshan city, Guangdong province, China. They were randomly distributed into two groups: TEAS group (n = 31) received TEAS by using a Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS) model 200A with two output channels, 2-3 sessions per day, 30 minutes per session for 10 consecutive days. Electrical stimulation of alternating frequencies of 2- and 100-Hz with 3 second each, and with intensity of 10-15 mA was applied on Hegu (LI-4) and Laogong (PC-8) points on one hand, and Neiguan (PC-6) and Waiguan (SJ-5) points on the other forearm via electroconductive skin pads of 4 cm × 4 cm in size. The control group (n = 32) was treated with similar procedure except that the leads of the output of the stimulator was disconnected. Assessments of the severity of the withdrawal syndrome were conducted one day before and on each day during the whole treatment period of 10 days. Buprenorphin of 1 mg per day sublingually was provided to all subjects in the first two days, and then to those with withdrawal score over 20 in the following days. RESULTS: The TEAS treatment dramatically alleviated the withdrawal syndrome during heroin detoxification. No significant difference was found in withdrawal scores between the two groups at the beginning of the observation. Withdrawal scores showed a more marked drop in TEAS group than the control starting from the second day, and maintained at a lower level for the whole course of treatment. The area under the curve of withdrawal score in TEAS group was only 40% of that in the control (P < 0.001, two way repeated measures analysis of variance), and the requirement of buprenorphine was only 10% of that in the control. No adverse effects were observed in either group. CONCLUSION: TEAS of 2/100 Hz for 10 days in abrupt abstinence of the heroin addicts resulted in a marked reduction of the withdrawal syndrome as well as a reduced requirement for rescue opioids.


Assuntos
Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Dependência de Heroína/terapia , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/terapia , Pontos de Acupuntura , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
6.
Topol Appl ; 196(Pt B): 999-1004, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26973369

RESUMO

We prove that a strong version of Chang's Conjecture together with [Formula: see text] implies there are no [Formula: see text]-Aronszajn trees.

7.
Int Rev Neurobiol ; 111: 235-56, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24215926

RESUMO

Over the last four decades, there has been an increasing interest in acupuncture treatment of substance abuse around the world. Three important steps can be identified in this field. Dr. Wen of Hong Kong was the first (1972) to report that acupuncture at four body points and two ear points combined with electric stimulation can relieve opioid withdrawal signs in the addicts. The second major step was made by Dr. M. Smith in New York, the head of the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) of the United States, who finalized a protocol (1985), using only ear points without electric stimulation for the treatment of cocaine dependence. The recent advance in this field was made by Dr. Han of the Peking University, Beijing, who characterized a protocol (2005), using electric stimulation of identified frequencies on body points to ameliorate heroin withdrawal signs and reduce relapse of heroin use. In this chapter, the efficacy of acupuncture and related techniques for the treatment of drug dependence in experimental settings and clinical practice will be reviewed, and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect be discussed.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Humanos
8.
PLoS One ; 8(6): e66815, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23840533

RESUMO

The javascript:void(0)manipulation and sustained effects of acupuncture have been investigated in multiple studies, but several findings are inconsistent with one another. One possible explanation for these discrepancies is that different modalities of acupuncture were utilized in these studies. In the present study, we investigated both the manipulation and sustained effects of acupuncture in different modalities, including manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS). MA, EA, TEAS and sensory control stimulation were applied to 18 healthy subjects, and combined block-designed and resting-state fMRI scans were performed. In analyzing these data, the block-designed datasets were used to assess the manipulation effect by employing a modified general linear model. The data from the resting states, before and after stimulation, were used to explore the brain networks involved in the sustained effect. The results showed that the two 1-min stimulation periods produced similar activation patterns in the sensory control with positive activation in the sensorimotor areas and negative activation in the default mode areas. Although similar patterns could be detected in the first stimulation period in MA, EA and TEAS, no positive activation result was observed in the second stimulation period, and EA showed a more extensive deactivation compared to MA and TEAS. Additionally, all three of the modalities of acupuncture stimulation could increase the instinct brain network in rest. A more secure and spatially extended connectivity of the default mode network was observed following MA and EA, and TEAS specifically increased the functional connectivity in the sensorimotor network. The present study suggested that different brain mechanisms might be recruited in different acupuncture modalities. In addition, the findings from our work could provide methodological information for further research into the mechanism of acupuncture.


Assuntos
Cerebelo/fisiologia , Eletroacupuntura , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Adulto , Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Qi , Adulto Jovem
9.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21747891

RESUMO

In a previous paper we reported that electroacupuncture (EA) could suppress opioid withdrawal syndrome and increase the appetite, sleep, and body weight in heroin addicts or morphine dependent animals. Considering that opioids were known to inhibit immune function, the present study was designed to observe whether EA could modulate the immune status of morphine dependent and withdrawal mice. We found that chronic morphine-induced decrease of splenic T lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production can be significantly raised by 2 Hz EA, and the fluctuation of CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was also run to the baseline level by the EA. These findings indicated that chronic morphine exposure-induced immune dysfunction in mice could be normalized by 2 Hz EA.

10.
Front Med ; 5(2): 141-50, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21695618

RESUMO

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder characterized by withdrawal symptoms that occur during drug abstinence and a high tendency of relapse. Compared with the currently available pharmacological interventions, acupuncture therapy has the potential to help drug addicts stay away from drugs without major adverse side effects. It has taken decades of research to optimize the parameters of electrical acupoint stimulation for detoxification and for relapse prevention, as well as to establish a safe and easy procedure by which drug addicts can use it on themselves. The discovery that acupuncture can trigger the release of opioid substances from the brain in the 1970s provided the inspiration. Following this, basic research on animals made it possible to understand the mechanisms of action and establish the procedure for treating drug addictions. This article reviews the past, present, and foreseeable future regarding the use of acupuncture-related technique for the treatment of opiate addiction from the perspective of translational medicine.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Endorfinas/fisiologia , Entorpecentes/farmacocinética , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/terapia , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica , Terapia por Acupuntura/psicologia , Animais , China , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Inativação Metabólica/fisiologia , Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Tratamento de Substituição de Opiáceos/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/fisiopatologia , Prevenção Secundária
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19734257

RESUMO

Sleep disturbance is considered as an important symptom of acute and protracted opiate withdrawal. Current results suggest that sleep disturbance may be taken as a predictor of relapse. Appropriate sleep enhancement therapy will be in favor of the retention in treatment for opiate addicts. Our previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) is effective in suppressing morphine withdrawal syndrome. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of 2 and 100 Hz EA on the sleep disturbance during morphine withdrawal. Rats were made dependent on morphine by repeated morphine injections (escalating doses of 5-80 mg kg(-1), subcutaneously, twice a day) for 5 days. EA of 2 or 100 Hz was given twice a day for 3 days, starting at 48 h after the last morphine injection. Electroencephalogram and electromyogram were monitored at the end of the first and the last EA treatments, respectively. Results showed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, REM sleep and total sleep time decreased dramatically, while the sleep latency prolonged significantly during acute morphine withdrawal. Both 2 and 100 Hz EA produced a significant increase in NREM sleep, REM sleep and total sleep time. It was suggested that EA could be a potential treatment for sleep disturbance during morphine withdrawal.

12.
Peptides ; 32(4): 713-21, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21167242

RESUMO

Alleviating opiate withdrawal syndrome in addicts is a critical precondition to break away from drug and further to prevent reuse. Electroacupuncture (EA) was claimed to be effective for alleviating withdrawal syndrome, but the optimal protocol remained unclear. In the present study we found that (1) 100 Hz EA administered 12-24h after the last morphine injection suppressed the withdrawal syndrome in rats, multiple sessions of EA were more effective than single session, with the after-effect lasting for at least 7 days. (2) A down-regulation of preprodynorphin (PPD) mRNA level was observed in spinal cord, PAG and hypothalamus 60 h after the last morphine injection, which could be reversed by multiple sessions, but not a single session of EA. (3) Accompanied with the decrease of PPD mRNA level, there was an up-regulation of p-CREB in the three CNS regions, which was abolished by 100 Hz EA treatment. The findings suggest that down-regulation of p-CREB and acceleration of dynorphin synthesis in spinal cord, PAG and hypothalamus may be implicated in the cumulative effect of multiple 100Hz EA treatment for opioid detoxification.


Assuntos
Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Dinorfinas/genética , Eletroacupuntura , Morfina/efeitos adversos , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/terapia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Masculino , Fosforilação , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
13.
Neuropharmacology ; 58(1): 233-40, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19596017

RESUMO

Our previous studies have demonstrated that morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) can be inhibited by 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA). This inhibition can be blocked by either the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (i.p.) or lesion in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), providing evidence that endogenous opioid system in the NAc mediates the effects of EA. Here we report that 1) A single session of 2 Hz EA produced a significant increase of the content of enkephalin in the NAc of morphine-induced CPP rats, and this effect was stronger in three consecutive sessions of EA; 2) Intracerebroventricular injection of the mu-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP or delta-opioid receptor antagonist NTI, but not kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI, dose-dependently reversed the inhibitory effects of 2 Hz EA on the expression of morphine-induced CPP; 3) Three consecutive sessions of 2 Hz EA up-regulated the mRNA level of preproenkephalin in the NAc of morphine-induced CPP rats. The results suggest that the inhibitory effects of 2 Hz EA on the expression of the morphine CPP is mediated by mu- and delta-, but not kappa-opioid receptor, possibly via accelerating both the release and synthesis of enkephalin in the NAc. These findings support the possibility of using 2 Hz EA for the treatment of opiate addiction.


Assuntos
Condicionamento Operante/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletroacupuntura , Encefalinas/metabolismo , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Entorpecentes/administração & dosagem , Núcleo Accumbens/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Dinorfinas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Masculino , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/farmacologia , Núcleo Accumbens/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Radioimunoensaio/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reforço Psicológico , Autoadministração , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo
14.
Neurochem Res ; 33(10): 2013-22, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18618246

RESUMO

Over the last three decades there has been an increasing interest in acupuncture treatment of substance abuse around the world. Three important steps can be identified in this field. Dr. Wen of Hong Kong was the first (1972) to report that acupuncture at 4 body points and 2 ear points combined with electrical stimulation can relieve opioid withdrawal signs in the addicts. The second major step was made by Dr. M. Smith in New York, the head of the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) of the USA, who finalized a protocol (1985), using only ear points without electrical stimulation for the treatment of drug abuse. The recent advance in this field was made by Dr. Han of the Peking University, Beijing, who characterized a protocol (2005), using electrical stimulation of identified frequencies on body points to ameliorate heroin withdrawal signs and prevent relapse of heroin use. In this review, the efficacy of acupuncture and related techniques for the treatment of drug dependence in experimental settings and clinical practice will be reviewed, and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect be discussed.


Assuntos
Acupuntura/métodos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Animais , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/terapia , Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ratos , Prevenção Secundária , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/terapia
15.
Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan ; 39(4): 325-30, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19119614

RESUMO

Over the last three decades there has been an increasing interest in acupuncture treatment of substance abuse around the world. Three important steps can be identified in this field. Dr. H. L. Wen of Hong Kong was the first (1973) to report that acupuncture at 4 body points and 2 ear points combined with electrical stimulation can relieve opiate withdrawal signs in the addicts. The second major step was made by Dr. M. Smith in New York, the head of the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) of the U.S.A., who finalized a protocol (1985), using only ear points without electrical stimulation for the treatment of drug abuse. The recent advance in this field was made by Prof. J. S. Han and his colleagues in Neuroscience Research Institute of the Peking University, Beijing, who characterized a protocol (1992- ), using electrical stimulation of identified frequencies on body points to ameliorate heroin withdrawal signs and prevent relapse to heroin use. In this review, the efficacy of acupuncture and related techniques for the treatment of drug dependence in experimental settings and clinical practice will be reviewed, and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect be discussed.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Humanos , Recidiva , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/terapia
16.
Cell Mol Neurobiol ; 28(1): 13-9, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18058018

RESUMO

Neuroscience research in China has undergone rapid expansion since 1980. The Neuroscience Research Institute of Peking University, one of the most active neuroscience research groups in China, was founded in 1987. Currently, the institute is overseeing four research areas, i.e., (1) pain and analgesia, (2) drug abuse and acupuncture treatment for drug addiction, (3) the mechanism of neurological degenerative disorders, and (4) the role of neuroglia in central nervous system injury. The institute is simultaneously investigating both theoretical and clinical studies. Acupuncture remains the core of research, while pain and drug abuse form the two disciplines.


Assuntos
Academias e Institutos , Neurociências , Manejo da Dor , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Universidades , Analgesia por Acupuntura , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , China , Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/terapia , Neuroglia/patologia
17.
Peptides ; 27(12): 3307-14, 2006 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17097192

RESUMO

Previous studies suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) can suppress opioid dependence by the release of endogenous opioid peptides. To explore the site of action and the receptors involved, we tried to inject highly specific agonists for mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors into the CNS to test whether it can suppress morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained with 4 mg/kg morphine, i.p. for 4 days to establish the CPP model. This CPP can be prevented by (a) i.p. injection of 3 mg/kg dose of morphine, (b) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of micrograms doses of the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO, delta-agonist DPDPE or kappa-agonist U-50,488H or (c) microinjection of DAMGO, DPDPE or U50488H into the shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The results suggest that the release of endogenous mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid agonists in the NAc shell may play a role for EA suppression of opiate addiction.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Morfina/farmacologia , Receptores Opioides delta/fisiologia , Receptores Opioides kappa/fisiologia , Receptores Opioides mu/fisiologia , (trans)-Isômero de 3,4-dicloro-N-metil-N-(2-(1-pirrolidinil)-ciclo-hexil)-benzenoacetamida/farmacologia , Animais , Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-Encefalina/fisiologia , D-Penicilina (2,5)-Encefalina/fisiologia , Masculino , Ratos , Receptores Opioides delta/agonistas , Receptores Opioides kappa/agonistas , Receptores Opioides mu/agonistas
18.
Addict Biol ; 11(2): 184-9, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16800833

RESUMO

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of 2 Hz transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to reduce cue-induced heroin craving and the corresponding cardiovascular responses. Seventy heroin addicts with at least 1 month of abstinence were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups of 35, to receive single-trial 2 Hz TENS (TENS group) or mock TENS (mock group) during experimental procedure, respectively. They were required to express their degree of craving by visual analog scale before and after the presentation of a video-cue, and after TENS treatment, which lasted for 30 minutes. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were simultaneously monitored in 56 cases, with 28 in each group. Results show that in mock group, video-cue induced a dramatic increase of craving score, which did not return to baseline in 150 minutes, whereas in the TENS group, 2 Hz TENS treatment produced a significant decrease of craving, reaching baseline in 90 minutes. Video-cue induced a significant increase of heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which remained elevated for at least 60 minutes in the mock group; whereas in the TENS group, they returned to baseline immediately after the termination of TENS. These results indicate that the craving induced by a heroin-related cue can be immediately and significantly suppressed, and the cardiovascular activation totally abolished by a single-trial 2 Hz TENS for 30 minutes.


Assuntos
Atitude , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Sinais (Psicologia) , Transtornos Disruptivos, de Controle do Impulso e da Conduta/prevenção & controle , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Dependência de Heroína/reabilitação , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravação de Videoteipe
19.
Neurochem Res ; 29(2): 397-401, 2004 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15002736

RESUMO

The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the sexual behavior of male rats undergoing morphine withdrawal was studied by measuring various parameters of sexual behavior. In addition, the total serum testosterone (TST) concentrations in male rats at different times of morphine administration and abstinence were measured. Acute and chronic administration of morphine severely inhibited the sexual behavior of the rats and lowered their TST concentrations. TST concentrations recovered to normal within 24 h after the last morphine injection, while sexual behavior remained suppressed for at least 7 days. Electroacupuncture (2/100 Hz alternately) administered once daily for 7 days during morphine withdrawal facilitated the recovery of male sexual behavior and increased TST concentrations to above normal. The effect of EA on sexual behavior may involve both neuronal and hormonal pathways.


Assuntos
Eletroacupuntura , Morfina/efeitos adversos , Entorpecentes/efeitos adversos , Comportamento Sexual Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/psicologia , Animais , Masculino , Morfina/farmacologia , Entorpecentes/farmacologia , Concentração Osmolar , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Testosterona/sangue
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