Flash Extraction, Characterization, and Immunoenhancement Activity of Polysaccharide from Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.

Hippophae rhamnoides L. polysaccharide was optimized with flash extraction by response surface design. The optimum process conditions were: rotation rate 5000 r/min, extraction time 15 s, extraction temperature 90 °C and liquid-to-material ratio 38 mL/g, the extraction yield was 15.28±0.02 %. HRP-1 and HRP-2 obtained by 40 % and 60 % graded alcohol precipitation were characterized. The results indicated that HRP-1 and HRP-2 both composed of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose with different molar ratio and the molecular weights were 380.59 kDa and 288.24 kDa, respectively. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant and immunoenhancement activities of HRP-1 and HRP-2 were analyzed, and the two fractions showed good free radical scavenging activity against ⋅OH, ABTS⋅+ , DPPH⋅, and extremely strong immunomodulatory activity against RAW264.7 cells. Indicating that flash extraction is suitable for extraction of HRP, the structural study of HRP provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development of Hippophae rhamnoides.

Characterization of a polysaccharide with antioxidant and anti-cervical cancer potentials from the corn silk cultivated in Jilin province.

Corn silk polysaccharides (CSPs) were extracted from the corn silk cultivated in Jilin province, China, where is one of the golden corn belts worldwide. Three fractions (CSP-1, CSP-2 and CSP-3) were obtained by DEAE-52 cellulose and the former two fractions were further purified by Sephadex G-150 column chromatography to obtain CSP-S-1 and CSP-S-2. The molecular weights of CSP-S-1 and CSP-S-2 were calculated to be 586 kDa and 813 kDa, respectively. CSP-S-1 was composed of galactose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose at a molar ratio of 4.16:1.00:1.01:6.32 and CSP-S-2 was composed of galactose, arabinose, glucose and rhamnose at a molar ratio of 8.71:3.58:0.169:1.00. CSP-S-2 outperformed CSP-S-1 in scavenging DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals, and significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells. IR and NMR analysis indicated that CSP-S-2 was pyranose. CSP-S-2 consisted of 1 → 4 and 1 → 6 linkages and exhibited a triple helix configuration. In summary, CSP-S-2 possesses high potential to be developed as a novel antioxidant and anti-cervical cancer agent.

Optimized purification process of polysaccharides from Carex meyeriana Kunth by macroporous resin, its characterization and immunomodulatory activity.

The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the purification conditions of crude polysaccharides from Carex meyeriana Kunth (CMKP) by macroporous resin. The optimal purification conditions as follows: elution volume of 2.74 BV, flow rate of 1.88 BV/h, and sample concentration of 2.10 mg/mL. Under the optimal conditions, the purification comprehensive score was 63.59 ±â€¯1.56% (n = 3), which was agreed closely to the predicted value (64.02%). Two fractions of polysaccharides (CMKP-1 and CMKP-2) were obtained using a DEAE-52 column. Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of CMKP-1 and CMKP-2. Congo-red test indicated that CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 have triple helix conformation. CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 were both composed of Man, Rib, Rha, GluA, GalA, Glu, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc in a molar ratio of 8.93:1:4.62:1.41:1.78:10.7:24.69:4.51:15.92:1.27 and 7.85:1:5.05:1.99:3.15:12.47:15.41:1.54:6.91:3.15, respectively. The major molecular weight of CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 was 22.30 kDa and 48.10 kDa, respectively. Moreover, CMKP-1 and CMKP-2 had immunostimulatory effects on RAW264.7 cells in a certain concentration range. It could be used as potential immunomodulatory agents in medicine or functional food fields.