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1.
Anticancer Res ; 42(11): 5217-5222, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36288875

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Primary osteosarcoma of the breast is a very rare malignancy that shares histological features with osteosarcoma. It is also highly sensitive to methionine restriction due to methionine addiction. We previously established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model derived from tumor tissue of a patient with primary mammary osteosarcoma. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of oral-recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase), combined with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, on a mammary osteosarcoma PDOX nude-mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PDOX mouse model was established by surgically transplanting a specimen of primary osteosarcoma of the breast into the mammary gland of nude mice. Mice implanted with tumors were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, N=5; rapamycin-treated group, N=5; o-rMETase-treated group, N=5; and a group treated with the combination of o-rMETase and rapamycin, N=5. Mice were treated for 2 weeks after transplantation, and tumor volume was measured during the treatment period. RESULTS: Treatment with the combination of rapamycin and o-rMETase eradicated the osteosarcoma of the breast compared to the untreated control (p=0.000008). o-rMETase alone did not significantly inhibit tumor growth, and rapamycin alone only partially inhibited the tumor (p=0.78 and p=0.018, respectively) compared to the untreated control. There was not a significant difference in mouse weight between the groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of rapamycin and o-rMETase was highly effective against primary osteosarcoma of the breast in a PDOX model, suggesting a future clinical strategy for this rare cancer type that currently has no first-line treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Osteossarcoma , Animais , Camundongos , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Liases de Carbono-Enxofre/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Xenoenxertos , Metionina , Camundongos Nus , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
2.
In Vivo ; 36(6): 2598-2603, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36309364

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Primary osteosarcoma of the mammary gland is a very rare disease, accounting for under 1% of all mammary gland malignancies. There is no established first-line treatment, and prognosis is poor compared to conventional breast cancer. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of cisplatinum and eribulin in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of primary breast osteosarcoma. However, these drugs show significant clinical toxicity. All cancers are addicted to methionine (Hoffman effect). In the present study, we determined whether methionine restriction with oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) would lower the effective dose of cisplatinum in a PDOX model of primary osteosarcoma of the mammary gland, thereby reducing its toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mouse PDOX models of primary osteosarcoma of the breast were randomized into the following groups: control; cisplatinum (weekly at 3 or 6 mg/kg); twice-daily o-rMETase; or o-rMETase combined with 3 mg/kg cisplatinum, with treatment for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Cisplatinum at 6 mg/kg significantly inhibited breast osteosarcoma growth compared with the untreated control and mice treated with 3 mg/kg cisplatinum (p=0.01 and 0.009, respectively). There was no significant difference in tumor growth between mice treated with cisplatinum at 3 mg/kg and the control (p=0.16). Combination therapy with cisplatinum at 3 mg/kg and twice daily o-rMETase regressed the osteosarcoma of the mammary gland (p=0.009), similar to the inhibition by cisplatinum at 6 mg/kg alone. Cisplatinum at 6 mg/kg caused a significant loss of mouse body weight, compared to the control (p=0.02). There was no significant body-weight loss with the combination therapy of o-rMETase and cisplatinum at 3 mg/kg, compared to the untreated control. CONCLUSION: o-rMETase halved the effective dose of cisplatinum, thereby eliminating cisplatinum toxicity, demonstrating a future clinical strategy for therapy of osteosarcoma of the breast.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Osteossarcoma , Camundongos , Humanos , Animais , Xenoenxertos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas Recombinantes , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Metionina
3.
In Vivo ; 36(4): 1603-1607, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35738609

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cancer of the Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is extremely rare. It is often advanced at the time of operation and the prognosis is poor. An effective treatment for this cancer has not yet been developed and there is no MD-carcinoma mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MD carcinoma was established as a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in 5-week-old male nude mice by subcutaneous transplantation of surgical specimens together with surrounding normal tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the original tumor resected from patients and transplanted tumors grown in nude mice. RESULTS: Three of five mice implanted with MD tumor fragments grew. MD-carcinoma histopathology, observed with H&E-stained tissue sections of the tumors grown in the mice and tumor from the original patient, was concordant. Both showed the luminal structures characteristic of MD carcinoma, and the lumens were filled with serous fluid. CONCLUSION: The first PDX mouse model of MD carcinoma has been established. The PDX model maintained MD-carcinoma histology of the tumor in the patient. The MD carcinoma mouse model will enable basic research on MD carcinoma, as well as the testing of novel therapeutic agents.


Assuntos
Carcinoma , Divertículo Ileal , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Masculino , Divertículo Ileal/patologia , Divertículo Ileal/cirurgia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
In Vivo ; 35(6): 3107-3110, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34697141

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Primary osteosarcoma of the mammary gland is a very rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all mammary malignancies. There is no established first-line treatment and the prognosis is poor compared to normal breast cancer. We previously established the first patient tumor-derived animal model of this disease, grown subcutaneously in nude mice. In the present study, we established a patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of osteosarcoma of the breast and investigated the efficacy of cisplatinum (CDDP) and eribulin (ERB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PDOX models of primary osteosarcoma of the breast were divided into 3 groups (5-6 mice per group): untreated control; CDDP treatment; ERB treatment. The tumor volume in the 3 groups was compared after 2 weeks. RESULTS: There were significant differences between control and CDDP, and control and ERB (p=0.036, 0.046, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between CDDP and ERB (p=0.964). CONCLUSION: CDDP and ERB are candidates for first-line clinical therapy of primary osteosarcoma of the breast.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Osteossarcoma , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Furanos , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Cetonas , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
5.
Anticancer Res ; 41(10): 4715-4718, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34593419

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Primary osteosarcoma of the breast is an exceedingly-rare malignant tumor that shares histological characteristics with osteosarcoma of the bone. Since effective therapies have not yet been established, standard therapy for osteosarcoma of the bone was examined in the present study for efficacy against primary osteosarcoma of the breast in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PDOX mouse models were established by surgical implantation of the primary osteosarcoma of the breast specimen into the mammary gland of nude mice. Mice with tumors were randomized into four groups, each n=4: control group; cisplatinum (CDDP)-treatment group; doxorubicin (DOX)-treatment group; and CDDP/DOX-combination-treatment group. Mice were treated for twenty-one days, three weeks after implantation. Tumor size and body weight were measured during three weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Significant tumor growth inhibition was observed, compared to the control, in the CDDP-treatment group, the DOX-treatment group, and the combination-treatment-group. Only the combination treatment regressed the tumor. CONCLUSION: CDDP and DOX which are standard first-line therapies for osteosarcoma, may be clinically effective against primary osteosarcoma of the breast, and in particular, their combination.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
6.
In Vivo ; 35(4): 1979-1983, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34182472

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Sarcomas of the breast are extremely rare malignant tumors and comprise only 5% of all sarcomas and fewer than 1% of breast cancers. Primary osteosarcoma of the breast is histologically indistinguishable from osteosarcoma of the bone. Effective therapies of this recalcitrant disease have not yet been developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model of primary osteosarcoma of the breast was established by subcutaneous implantation of the surgical specimen, along with surrounding normal tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed on paraffin-embedded histological sections of the original tumor resected from the patient and from implanted tumors that grew in nude mice. RESULTS: Tumors grew in 46 of 51 mice implanted with the original surgical specimen. The H&E-stained slides of the mouse-grown tumor and the original patient tumor matched, both showing large areas of spindle-shaped cells, characteristic of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION: The first PDX mouse model of primary breast osteosarcoma was established which will enable testing of novel therapeutics as well as basic research of osteosarcoma of the breast.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Osteossarcoma , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
7.
Anticancer Res ; 41(4): 1745-1751, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33813378

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor. Failure of first-line therapy results in poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. In the present report, we examined the efficacy of the combination of oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) and docetaxel (DOC) on an osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteosarcoma-PDOX models were established by tumor insertion within the tibia of nude mice. The osteosarcoma PDOX models were randomized into four groups (4-5 mice per group): control; o-rMETae alone; DOC alone; o- rMETase combined with DOC. The treatment period was 3 weeks. RESULTS: The combination of o-rMETase and DOC showed significant efficacy compared to the control group (p=0.03). In contrast, there was no significant efficacy of o-rMETase alone or DOC alone (p=0.65, 0.60, respectively). CONCLUSION: o-rMETase converted an osteosarcoma PDOX from DOC-resistant to -sensitive. This combination therapy may be effective against recalcitrant osteosarcoma and other recalcitrant cancers.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Liases de Carbono-Enxofre/administração & dosagem , Docetaxel/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Tíbia/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Nus , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Tíbia/patologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
8.
Anticancer Res ; 41(4): 1779-1784, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33813382

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Osteosarcoma is a rare type of bone cancer that affects mostly children and adolescents. First-line chemotherapy for osteosarcoma has not been improved for many decades. Eribulin has been used to treat breast cancer and liposarcoma in the clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of osteosarcoma was established by tumor insertion within the tibia. This model more closely mimics osteosarcoma in clinical settings and was used to test the efficacy of eribulin. Tibia-insertion osteosarcoma PDOX mouse models were randomized into two groups: a control group (n=4) and an eribulin-treatment group (n=5). Mice were treated for fourteen days, four weeks after initial implantation. Tumor size and body weight were measured, and tumor histology was examined. RESULTS: Significant tumor growth inhibition (p=0.044) was observed in mice treated with eribulin compared to the control group. Histology demonstrated necrosis in the eribulin-treated tumors. There was no body-weight loss in the treated mice. CONCLUSION: Eribulin may be a clinically-effective, off-label chemotherapy for recalcitrant osteosarcoma that has failed first- and second-line therapy.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Furanos/farmacologia , Cetonas/farmacologia , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Tíbia/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Nus , Necrose , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Tíbia/patologia , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
9.
In Vivo ; 35(1): 105-109, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33402455

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Osteosarcoma is a rare type of malignancy that affects mostly children and adolescents. A new procedure was designed to create an improved patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of osteosarcoma that more closely mimics osteosarcoma in clinical settings. Previous osteosarcoma PDOX models involved implanting a tumor fragment near the femur of nude mice in a space created by separating muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hole was created in the tibia of nude mice and an osteosarcoma tumor fragment was implanted directly into the bone. RESULTS: This procedure resulted in tumor growth in the bone similar to osteosarcoma tumors found in clinical patients. CONCLUSION: The establishment ratio for this procedure is 80% making it a practical and clinically-relevant model for screening effective therapies for osteosarcoma patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Osteossarcoma , Adolescente , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Tíbia/cirurgia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
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