Roles of microRNA-124 in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent global cause of mortality due to the limited availability of effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disorder. An effective molecular biomarker may contribute to determining the prognosis and promoting the therapeutic efficiency of TBI. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is most abundantly expressed in the brain and exerts different biological effects in a variety of diseases by regulating pathological processes of apoptosis and proliferation. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated the association between miR-124 and TBI, but there is still a lack of relevant literature to summarize the current evidence on this topic. Based on this review, we found that miR-124 was involved as a regulatory factor in cell apoptosis and proliferation, and was also strongly related with the pathophysiological development of TBI. MiR-124 played an essential role in TBI by interacting with multiple biomolecules and signaling pathways, such as JNK, VAMP-3, Rela/ApoE, PDE4B/mTOR, MDK/TLR4/NF-κB, DAPK1/NR2B, JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Ras/MEK/Erk. The potential benefits of upregulating miR-124 in facilitating TBI recovery have been identified. The advancement of miRNA nanocarrier system technology presents an opportunity for miR-124 to emerge as a novel therapeutic target for TBI. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the role of miR-124 in TBI necessitate further investigation. Additionally, comprehensive large-scale studies are required to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-124 as a therapeutic target for TBI.

Histone acetylation gene-based biomarkers as novel markers of the immune microenvironment in glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant tumour with high intracranial morbidity, high malignancy and poor prognosis. Abnormal changes in histone acetylation are closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on histone acetylation in GBM. METHODS: Whole-transcriptome sequencing data and clinical data of GBM patients were obtained through the TCGA database. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GBM patients were obtained from GSE146711 in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Cell descending fractionation was first performed for scRNA-seq on GBM. The CellChat and PROGENy scores explore the impact of the histone acetylation pathway in GBM on intercellular chat and tumour pathways. The AddModuleScore function evaluates the enrichment score of histone acetylation in cells and divides them into high-histone acetylation and low-histone acetylation groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on the differential genes between different histone acetylation states, and the biological processes and pathways that may be affected by histone acetylation were evaluated. Based on this, a prognostic model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and survival analysis was performed to evaluate its prognostic performance. Finally, we also analysed the main effects of the constructed histone acetylation-related model on GBM immune infiltration by multiple methods, and analysed the main mutation data of its different subgroups. RESULTS: GBM samples mainly include seven large cell populations: oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), myeloid, neoplastic, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, vascular and neurons. Cellchat and ProgenY scores revealed that in GBM tumours, histone acetylation interacts closely with multiple immune cells and tumour pathways. GO and KEGG analyses revealed the main impact proteins and pathway correlates of histone acetylation. Five histone acetylation genes were screened using LASSO analysis and a prognostic model was constructed. The results revealed that prognostic models were significant in the prognostic stratification of patients in both the training and validation groups of GBM patients. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that the mechanism of histone acetylation in GBM may be related to the immune infiltration of multiple effector immune cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our histone acetylation-based biomarkers are closely associated with immune microenvironmental infiltration and functional mutations in multiple tumour pathways in GBM. This suggests that histone acetylation may reveal microscopic alterations in the tumour microenvironment, and may provide potential evidence and a research basis for the development of novel therapeutic targets for GBM. On this basis, a novel perspective on the spatial biology and immunological understanding of GBM is provided.

Significant Increase of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Post-stroke: A Comprehensive Review.

Men with erectile dysfunction (ED) are considered to be at risk from stroke events. Conversely, post-stroke patients are also at high risk of ED, whereas a quantitative result from all the relevant studies has not been previously addressed. Therefore, we have performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis on this issue. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID No. CRD42021226618). Twenty studies with a total of 3,382 stroke events were included, of which six studies were included for quantitative analysis, and the remaining 14 studies were calculated for the ratio of ED. Synthetic results from four eligible studies providing the ED cases showed that stroke patients were associated with a significantly higher risk of ED than the general population [pooled relative risk (RR) = 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-8.82, P = 0.016]. Men with stroke were also found to be associated with a significant decline in International Index of Erectile Function -5 (IIEF-5) score as compared with the healthy controls [three studies, standard mean differences (SMD) = -1.8, 95% CI: -2.94 to -0.67, P = 0.002]. The prevalence of ED in post-stroke patients among 14 studies ranged from 32.1 to 77.8%, which was dramatically higher than that of the general population. The result of the GRADE-pro revealed that the quality of the evidence in this study was moderate. The present study has confirmed the high prevalence of ED in men with stroke. ED in stroke patients is a result of both neurological and psychological factors. Rehabilitative interventions rather than phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are recommended to improve the erectile function for those survivors with ED.

Risk factors for positive brain CT scan in children with traumatic brain injury and GCS = 15: A retrospective study.

ABSTRACT: It is controversial whether it is necessary to carry out head computed tomography (CT) examination for children who had a traumatic brain injury (TBI) but are conscious (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) = 15). The present study explored the risk/predictive factors of positive CT results in children with mild closed head injury and GCS = 15.This was a retrospective study of children (0-18 years of age) with TBI and GCS = 15 and treated at the First People's Hospital of Wenling between 06/2013 and 06/2018. The outcome was a positive head plain CT result. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the factors independently associated with positive CT results.A total of 279 children were included. The majority of the injured were boys (180/279, 64.5%). The top three causes of injury were traffic accidents (100/279, 35.8%), falling from height (92/279, 33.0%), and tumble (72/279, 25.8%). The top three clinical symptoms were headache (201/279, 72.0%), scalp hematoma (133/279, 47.7%), and nausea with or without vomiting (105/279, 37.6%). The multivariable analysis showed that scalp hematoma (OR = 3.040, 95%CI: 1.791-5.159, P < .0001), ear and nostril bleeding or periorbital soft tissue contusion (OR = 2.234, 95%CI: 1.087-4.590, P = .029), and nausea with or without vomiting (OR = 2.186, 95%CI: 1.255-3.810, P = .006) were independently associated with positive results of head CT.For children with TBI and GCS = 15, the factors independently associated with positive CT results are scalp hematoma, ear and nostril bleeding or periorbital soft tissue contusion, and nausea with or without vomiting.

[Early diagnosis of prostate cancer by combined use of Trp-p8 expression and PSA density of the transition zone].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of the Trp-p8 protein in the prostate tissue of the PSA "grey zone" with different PSA density of the transition zone (PSADTZ) and explore the value of determining Trp-p8 expression and PSADTZ in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: This study involved 30 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and another 30 cases of PCa with different PSADTZ values. Using a data imaging and analysis system, we determined the expression levels of Trp-p8 in BPH and PCa tissues and analyzed their correlation with PSADTZ. RESULTS: The expression of Trp-p8 was weak or negative in the BPH but strong in the PCa tissue and even stronger in the PCa tissue with high PSADTZ (F = 34. 05, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Trp-p8 protein is expressed differently in BPH and PCa tissues of the PSA " grey zone" and its expression is positively correlated with PSADTZ. Determination of the Trp-p8 expression and PSADTZ contributes to the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.