2-Aryl-indenylphosphine ligands: design, synthesis and application in Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions.

A focused library of phosphine ligands was constructed for structural optimization. The catalyst can be used to perform the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides.

An efficient indenyl-derived phosphine ligand for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of sterically hindered aryl halides.

An air-stable aryl substituted indenyl phosphine used in combination with Pd(OAc)2 provides a highly efficient catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of sterically hindered aryl halides with aryl boronic acids.

Pd-indenyl-diphosphine: an effective catalyst for the preparation of triarylamines.

A new Buchwald-type diphosphine ligand has been developed for applications in Pd-catalyzed amination reactions towards the preparation of triarylamines. The catalyst can be used to perform the amination of a diverse array of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides.

[LUTS in BPH patients with histological prostatitis before and after transurethral resection of the prostate].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by histological prostatitis. METHODS: This study included 432 cases of BPH pathologically confirmed after TURP. Excluding those with LUTS-related factors before and after surgery and based on the international prostatitis histological classification of diagnostic criteria, the remaining 144 cases were divided into groups A (pure BPH, n = 30), B (mild inflammation, n = 55), C (moderate inflammation, n = 31), and D (severe inflammation, n = 28). Each group was evaluated for LUTS by IPSS before and a month after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 399 cases (92.4%) were diagnosed as BPH with histological prostatitis, 269 (67.4%) mild, 86 (21.6%) moderate and 44 (11.0%) severe. The preoperative IPSS was 21.43 +/- 6.09 in group A, 21.75 +/- 5.97 in B, 27.84 +/- 4.18 in C and 31.00 +/- 2.92 in D, with statistically significant differences among different groups (P < 0.001) except between A and B (P = 1.000); the postoperative IPSS was 5.60 +/- 2.16 in A, 7.36 +/- 2.77 in B, 11.55 +/- 3.39 in C and 16.89 +/- 3.37 in D, with statistically significant differences among different groups (P < 0.01), and remarkably lower than the preoperative one (P < 0.001). Almost all the infiltrating inflammatory cells in BPH with histological prostatitis were lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: BPH is mostly complicated with histological chronic prostatitis. The severity of LUTS is higher in BPH patients with histological prostatitis than in those without before and after TURP, and positively correlated with the grade of inflammation. Those complicated with moderate or severe histological prostatitis should take medication for the management of LUTS.