[Genotypes of human papilloma virus in male condyloma acuminata patients in Lishui area].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genotypes of human papilloma virus (HPV) in male patients with condyloma acuminate in Lishui area of Zhejiang Province, China. METHODS: Using HybriMax, we identified the genotypes of HPV of the verruca samples from 110 male condyloma acuminate patients aged 16 - 65 years in Lishui area. RESULTS: HPV infection was detected in 107 (97.27%) of the condyloma acuminate patients, including 76 cases (71.02%) of simple infection and 31 cases (28.97%) of multiple infection. The peak age of infection was 21 - 40 years old. Totally, 14 genotypes of HPV were identified, including the high-risk genotypes as HPV16, 53, 52, 33, CP8304, 58, 51, 45, 66, 68, and 59, which accounted for 44.85% of the cases, and the low-risk ones as HPV6, 11, and 19 (43), with an infection rate of 93.45%. CONCLUSION: The low-risk genotype is a dominant type of HPV infection and the rates of high-risk genotype and multiple infection are high among the male condyloma acuminate patients in Lishui area.

Preventive and therapeutic effects of adenanthin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling.

Adenanthin, a diterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Isodon adenanthus, has been reported to possess antileukemic activity through targeting peroxiredoxin I/II. However, its other potential activities remain to be explored. Using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis, we report in this study that adenanthin exerts efficaciously preventive and therapeutic effects on EAE accompanied by significant restriction of infiltration of inflammatory cells and demyelination in CNS. Adenanthin-presented immunomodulatory effects on EAE are correlated with suppressed proliferation of MOG35-55-reactive T cells, decreased Th1 and Th17 cells, increased regulatory T cell populations, decreased production of serum proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced stimulatory capacity of APCs, which might be mediated by its inhibitory action on NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results propose that, as a novel NF-κB inhibitor, adenanthin has potent immunomodulatory activity for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and possibly other autoimmune disorders.

PU.1 directly regulates retinoic acid-induced expression of RIG-G in leukemia cells.

RIG-G is a retinoic acid- or interferon-induced gene with potential anti-proliferation function. However, the mechanism underlying ATRA-induced RIG-G induction is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that ATRA up-regulates the expression of PU.1, which in turn directly binds to the promoter and increases the expression of RIG-G gene. Luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay reveal that PU.1 preferentially binds to one of the two putative binding sites on the RIG-G promoter. Moreover, silencing of PU.1 by shRNA markedly inhibited ATRA- but not IFNα-induced expression of RIG-G. These data provide new insight into the mechanism of ATRA-induced RIG-G expression.

Effect of block deletions in the C-terminus on the functional expression of human anion exchanger 1 (AE1).

The human anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the most abundant integral membrane protein in red cells and is responsible for the exchange of Cl(-) for HCO(3)(-). However, the detailed role played by the AE1 C-terminal region in the anion translocation and membrane trafficking process remains unclear. In this paper, we created four mutants in the human AE1 C-terminus by deletion of the residues Ala(891)-Phe(895), Asp(896)-Glu(899), Asp(902)-Glu(906) and Val(907)-Val(911), to investigate the role of these sequences in functional expression of AE1. WT AE1 and its deletion mutant constructs were expressed in HEK 293 cells. Western blotting showed that deletions of Ala(891)-Phe(895), Asp(896)-Glu(899), and Val(907)-Val(911) induced high expression of AE1, whereas loss of Asp(902)-Glu(906) results in stable low expression. Pulse chase assays of WT AE1 and its mutants showed that the stability of protein is unaffected by the levels of expression of the AE1 and its mutants. Ala(891)-Phe(895), Asp(902)-Glu(906) and Val(907)-Val(911) mutants exhibited lower levels of trafficking to the plasma membrane compared with WT AE1, while the Asp(896)-Glu(899) mutant was more highly expressed at the plasma membrane. The decreased ability of the mutants to mediate Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in transfected cells revealed that the deletion sequences have an important role in transport activity. These results demonstrate that the studied residues in the AE1 C-terminus differently affect the expression, membrane trafficking and functional folding of AE1.