Guideline for Quality Control of Powered Polymerisation Activators for Chairside Use.

The irradiance of powered polymerisation activators for chairside use affects composite resin adhesive curing during the restorative process, whereas radiant accumulated temperature rise relates to clinical safety. Irradiance reduction and high radiant accumulated temperature will compromise the treatment results as there is a lack of curing output efficacy and safety awareness for powered polymerisation activators. Insufficient attention has been paid to the activator's quality control, irradiance attenuation and radiant accumulated temperature excessive temperature rise during its lifetime. The present manuscript has been drafted by the Society of Dental Equipment, Chinese Stomatological Association to fill the quality control gap and guide the quality control process, following tested steps, using a metered radiometer and a thermometer to record the irradiance and radiant accumulated temperature separately. The testing result may indicate the equipment's situation in service and provide information about the irradiance values and performance of the powered polymerisation activator for its usage and maintenance.

[Using HKUST-1 as a Template for Copper Oxides Preparation to Activate Peroxymonosulfate for RhB Degradation].

Using Cu-MOF (HKUST-1) as a template, copper oxide was prepared by heat treatment under different temperatures in this study. The effect of treatment temperature on the composition and morphology of the products were studied. The catalytic abilities of the copper oxide products were tested through a series of experiments of activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade RhB under different conditions. The results of XRD, SEM, and XPS show that the product is gradually transformed from a Cu2O/CuO mixture into pure CuO with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The original octahedron structure of HKUST-1 was collapsed. Under neutral pH conditions, when the dosage of PMS and CuO-650 was 1.00 mmol·L-1 and 0.20 g·L-1, respectively, the total degradation of RhB (concentration of 0.10 mmol·L-1) could be completed within 90 min. In addition, CuO-650 also has many advantages, such as it can be applied within a wide range of pH values. In addition, the copper ion dissolution rate was low (1.309 mg·L-1 at pH=3 and 0.987 mg·L-1 at pH=7), and it has great recyclability and stability. These characteristics further proved that CuO-650 can be used as a promising catalyst for PMS activation.

Expression and regulation of microRNA-29a and microRNA-29c in early diabetic rat cataract formation.

AIM: To determine the role of microRNA (miRNA)-29a and miRNA-29c in the regulation of apoptosis in early rat diabetic cataract formation. METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the study. The expression level of miRNA-29a, miRNA-29c, and BCL2-modifying factor (BMF) in lens epithelial cells (LECs) samples were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Prediction algorithms of miRanda, TargetScan 6.2, and mirRDB to perform a miRNA gene network analysis were used for the potential miRNA-29a and miRNA-29c targets. RESULTS: The miRNA-29a and miRNA-29c expression levels were all significantly lower in the control group compared to the 2 and 4wk diabetic samples (P<0.01). The network analysis indicated that one miRNA-29a and miRNA-29c targets was BMF. There was significantly higher expression of BMF mRNA compared to the normal controls (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis occurs in rat LECs following high blood glucose exposure. It is likely that apoptosis during diabetic cataract formation involves the decreased expression of miRNA-29a and miRNA-29c and the increased expression of BMF.

Cerebral Metabolic Profiling of Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest with and Without Antegrade Selective Cerebral Perfusion: Evidence from Nontargeted Tissue Metabolomics in a Rabbit Model.

BACKGROUND: Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (ASCP) is regarded to perform cerebral protection during the thoracic aorta surgery as an adjunctive technique to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). However, brain metabolism profile after ASCP has not been systematically investigated by metabolomics technology. METHODS: To clarify the metabolomics profiling of ASCP, 12 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into 60 min DHCA with (DHCA+ASCP [DA] group, n = 6) and without ( DHCA [D] group, n = 6) ASCP according to the random number table. ASCP was conducted by cannulation on the right subclavian artery and cross-clamping of the innominate artery. Rabbits were sacrificed 60 min after weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass. The metabolic features of the cerebral cortex were analyzed by a nontargeted metabolic profiling strategy based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Variable importance projection values exceeding 1.0 were selected as potentially changed metabolites, and then Student's t-test was applied to test for statistical significance between the two groups. RESULTS: Metabolic profiling of brain was distinctive significantly between the two groups (Q 2 Y = 0.88 for partial least squares-DA model). In comparing to group D, 62 definable metabolites were varied significantly after ASCP, which were mainly related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that metabolic pathways after DHCA with ASCP were mainly involved in the activated glycolytic pathway, subdued anaerobic metabolism, and oxidative stress. In addition, L-kynurenine (P = 0.0019), 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid (P = 0.0499), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (P = 0.0495) in tryptophan metabolism pathways were decreased, and citrulline (P = 0.0158) in urea cycle was increased in group DA comparing to group D. CONCLUSIONS: The present study applied metabolomics analysis to identify the cerebral metabolic profiling in rabbits with ASCP, and the results may shed new lights that cerebral metabolism is better preserved by ASCP compared with DHCA alone.

Effects of chemical form of sodium on the product characteristics of alkali lignin pyrolysis.

The effects of Na as organic bound form or as inorganic salts form on the pyrolysis products characteristics of alkali lignin were investigated by using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), tube furnace and thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results of TG-FTIR and tube furnace indicated that the two chemical forms Na reduced the releasing peak temperature of CO and phenols leading to the peak temperature of the maximum mass loss rate shifted to low temperature zone. Furthermore, organic bound Na obviously improved the elimination of alkyl substituent leading to the yields of phenol and guaiacol increased, while inorganic Na increased the elimination of phenolic hydroxyl groups promoting the formation of ethers. It was also found the two chemical forms Na had different effects on the gasification reactivity of chars. For inorganic Na, the char conversion decreased with increasing the char forming temperature, while organic bound Na was opposite.

Determination of epichlorohydrin and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in synthesis of cationic etherifying reagent by headspace gas chromatography.

This study demonstrates a headspace gas chromatographic(HS-GC) technique for the determination of residual epichlorohydrin (ECH) and generated 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP) in synthesis process of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHTAC). By a weight-based sampling method, coupled with significant dilution in 15.8% sodium sulfate and 0.1% silver nitrate mixed solution rapidly, the sample for HS-GC analysis is prepared. Based on the reaction stoichiometry, the conversion (R) of CHTAC during the synthesis process can be calculated from sampling weight and GC peak area. The results showed that the method has a good measurement precision (RSD<2.5%) and accuracy (recovery=101-104%) for the quantification of both ECH and DCP in the process samples. The present method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the efficient determination of the CHTAC conversion in the synthesis research.