Differential expression of interleukin-35 receptor distinguishes different subsets of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper cells in a mouse endometriosis model.

The immune system contributes to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. The role of ThGM cells, which produce granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unknown. To analyze the features of ThGM cells in endometriosis, a mouse endometriosis model was established. ThGM cells in the spleen, peritoneal fluid (PF), and endometriotic lesions (EL) were measured by flow cytometry, based on the expression of surface markers and intracellular proteins. Live ThGM cells were sorted according to chemokine receptor expression profiles and their effects on other CD4+ T cell subsets were determined by co-culture assays. An adoptive transfer assay was performed to characterize the effect of ThGM cells on endometriosis. We found that ThGM cells were present in endometriotic PF and EL. Live EL ThGM cells were enriched in CD4+CXCR3-CCR8-CCR4+CCR10+ T cells. EL ThGM cells differentially express interleukin-35 receptor (IL-35R), consisting of an IL-35R+ subset and an IL-35R- subset. The IL-35R+ subset expressed less GM-CSF, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and proliferated slower than the IL-35R- subset. Meanwhile, the IL-35R+ subset was weaker than the IL-35R- subset in promoting the functions of Th1 and Th17 cells. ThGM cell transfer did not influence EL development but significantly alleviated pro-inflammatory cytokines in PF and ELs. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), the ligand of IL-35R, suppressed ThGM cell function and proliferation in an IL-35R-dependent manner. In summary, ThGM cells in the PF and ELs might exacerbate endometriotic inflammation. IL-35 might suppress the function of ThGM cells via IL-35R.

The Bioinformatic Study Uncovers Probable Critical Genes Involved in the Pathophysiology of Biliary Atresia.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is an uncommon illness that causes the bile ducts outside and within the liver to become clogged in babies. If left untreated, the cholestasis causes increasing conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, cirrhosis, and hepatic failure. BA has a complicated aetiology, and the mechanisms that drive its development are unknown. The objective of this study was to show the role of probable critical genes involved in the pathophysiology of biliary atresia. Methods: We utilised the public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray expression profiling dataset GSE46960 to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 64 biliary atresia newborns, 14 infants with various causes of intrahepatic cholestasis, and 7 deceased-donor children as control subjects in our study. The relevant information was looked into. The important modules were identified after functional enrichment, GO and KEGG pathway analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, and GSEA analysis. Results: The differential expression analysis revealed a total of 22 elevated genes. To further understand the biological activities of the DEGs, we run functional enrichment analyses on them. Meanwhile, KEGG analysis has revealed significant enrichment of pathways involved in activating cross-talking with inflammation and fibrosis in BA. SERPINE1, THBS1, CCL2, MMP7, CXCL8, EPCAM, VCAN, ITGA2, AREG, and HAS2, which may play a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis of BA, were identified by PPI studies. Conclusion: Our findings suggested 10 hub genes and probable mechanisms of BA in the current study through bioinformatic analysis.

Traditional Chinese medicine on treating diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) refers to erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to diabetes. As people's lifestyle changes and the population ages, the incidence of DMED continues to increase. Many clinical trials have proven that Chinese medicine has a significant effect in the treatment of DMED. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for DMED. METHODS: We will search PubMed, Cochrane Library, AMED, EMbase, WorldSciNet; Nature, Science online and China Journal Full-text Database, China Biomedical Literature CD-ROM Database, and related randomized controlled trials included in the China Resources Database. The time is limited from the construction of the library to February, 2019.We will use the criteria provided by Cochrane 5.1.0 for quality assessment and risk assessment of the included studies, and use the Revman 5.3 and Stata13.0 software for meta-analysis of the effectiveness, recurrence rate, and symptom scores of DMED. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM for treating Diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process trial.

Chaos control of the brushless direct current motor using adaptive dynamic surface control based on neural network with the minimum weights.

This paper investigates chaos control for the brushless DC motor (BLDCM) system by adaptive dynamic surface approach based on neural network with the minimum weights. The BLDCM system contains parameter perturbation, chaotic behavior, and uncertainty. With the help of radial basis function (RBF) neural network to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, the adaptive law is established to overcome uncertainty of the control gain. By introducing the RBF neural network and adaptive technology into the dynamic surface control design, a robust chaos control scheme is developed. It is proved that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all signals in the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Simulation results are provided to show that the proposed approach works well in suppressing chaos and parameter perturbation.

[Isolation and characterization of human alveolar type II cells and phenotypes maintaining study].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method of isolate, purify, primary culture and identify human alveolar type II cells (AT II ) in vitro, as well as its possible maintaining phenotype characteristics. METHODS: The marginal lung tissue was collected. AT II cells were isolated with trypsin and elastase, purified by a series of steps, such as, cell sieve filtration, differential adhesion, gradient separation and anti-CD14 beads separation. AT II cells were identified with immunofluorescence of human pro-surfactant-associated protein C (pro-SP-C), Green DND-26 probe and electron microscope. The purity of AT II cells was measured by immunofluorescence of human pro-SP-C and Green DND-26 probe. The viability of AT II cells was measured by trypan blue staining. The phenotypes (SP-A, SP-B,SP-C, SP-D) were monitored with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at different time points. RESULTS: The output of AT II cells from lung tissue was (5-10) x 105/g, and the cell viability was (93 ± 2)% with trypan blue staining, the cell purity was about 98% with pro-SP-C immunofluorescence and Green DND-26 fluorescent probe, the lamellar bodies were clearly observed with transmission electron microscope. In the aspect of phenotypes maintaining, the time of surfactant expression was about 24 days [SP-A: 0.52 + 0.03 (day 16), 0.35 + 0.02 (day 20),0.26 ± 0.01 (day 24), 0.10 + 0.08 (day 28); SP-C: 0.68 0.16 (day l6), 0.31 + 0.04 (day 20), 0.18 + 0.06 (day 24), 0.14 + 0.09 (day 28)], and the longest one was more than 28 days [SP-B: 1.05 + 0.17 (day 16), 0.76 + 0.35(day 20), 0.55 0.15 (day 24), 0.36 0.19 (day 28); SP-D: 0.52 0.19 (day 16), 0.33 + 0.12 (day 20), 0.31 +0.04 (day 24), 0.23 ± 0.02 (day 28)). CONCLUSION: We successfully established a procedure to separate, purify,identify of AT II cells, which retain primary phenotypic characteristics over long period.