Effects of different factors on the friction and wear mechanical properties of titanium alloy materials with cortical bones at near service conditions.

The artificial joint is one of the most effective methods to treat joint injuries. The service performance of artificial joints is gradually weakened because of the wear of artificial joints in actual service. In order to obtain the potential failure mechanism of the artificial joint in actual service, the study was carried out with the multiple factors that affect the service performance of the artificial joint. The experimental study was carried out on the change rule of mechanical behavior of the contact interface between the artificial joint of titanium alloy and cortical bone. The multi-factor is compression load, contact load, friction velocity, and lubrication environment, respectively. The results indicate that the friction coefficient, wear mass, and wear coefficient of Ti-6A1-4V titanium alloy decreased with the increasing of the compression load. The friction rate and the friction coefficient of Ti-6A1-4V titanium alloy decreased with the increasing of the contact load. The wear mass and friction coefficient of Ti-6A1-4V titanium alloy increased with the increasing of contact load. The lubrication effect is better with the increasing of lubricant concentration. Based on the observation of the SEM, the wear type influenced by compression load and friction rate is mainly abrasive wear and oxidation wear. The wear type influenced by contact load is mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear. The wear type influenced by lubricants is mainly oxidation wear. When wear mass and wear coefficient are used as the criteria for evaluating friction and wear, the order of influential factors to friction and wear of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate is friction rate, compression load, contact load, and lubricant concentration. This research can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal manufacture of the artificial joint of titanium alloy and optimal rules of safe service conditions.

Mechanical response and in-situ deformation mechanism of cortical bone materials under combined compression and torsion loads.

Bone fracture is an extremely dangerous health risk to human. Actually, cortical bone is often subjected to the complicated loading patterns. The mechanical properties and deformation mechanism under the complicated loading pattern could provide a more precise understanding for the bone fracture. For this purpose, the mechanical response and multi-scale deformation mechanism of cortical bone material were investigated by in-situ experimental research using the compression-torsion coupling loads as an example. It was found that the torsion strength and shear modulus all decreased under the compression-torsion coupling loads than single torsion load. This indicated bone would suffer greater risk of fracture under the compression-torsion coupling loads. Based on in-situ observation, it was found that the rapid reduction of the anisotropy of bone material under the compression load was the potential influencing factor. Because of the redistribution of the principal strain and the variations of cracks propagation, the comprehensive fracture pattern containing both transverse and longitudinal fracture was shown under the coupling loads, and finally resulted in the reduction of the torsion properties. This research could provide new references for researches on mechanical properties of cortical bone material under complicated loading patterns.

A research of STEAP1 regulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivos.

Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigene of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) is associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. This study aimed to clarify the role of STEAP1 in gastric cancer tumour growth and metastasis, as well as its molecular mechanism of action.Statistical methods were used for clinical data analysis. Protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry(IHC). The mRNA and protein expression in the cell cultures were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Overexpression and silencing models were constructed using plasmid and lentivirus transfection. To detect cell proliferation in vitro, Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8), flow cytometry and colony formation assays were used; transwell and wound healing assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion;For in vivo experiments, nude BALB/c mice were used for detecting subcutaneous tumorigenesis and intraperitoneal implantation. In the results,we found STEAP1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Single-factor and Cox analyses showed that STEAP1 gene expression level correlated with poor prognosis. Up-regulation of STEAP1 increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which decreased after STEAP1 was knocked down. These changes were achieved via the activation of the AKT/FoxO1 pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). The in vivo animal experiments showed that STEAP1 knock down, resulted in a decrease in the subcutaneous tumour and peritoneal tumour formation.