[Observation on analgesia effect of electroacupuncture during gynecologic outpatient operation].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of electroacupuncture analgesia applied to gynecologic outpatient operation. METHODS: Two hundred patients were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture analgesia group and an intravenous anesthesia group, 100 cases in each group. Operation types included artificial abortion, diagnostic curettage and remove of intrauterine divice. The electroacupuncture analgesia group was treated with electroacupuncture at bilateral Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6), and the routine gynecologic outpatient operation was performed under patients' waking state. The intravenous anesthesia group was treated with routine gynecologic outpatient operation after intravenous injection of fentanyl and propofol. RESULTS: The excellent rate and the effective rate of analgesia were 88.0% (88/100) and 100.0% (100/100) in the electroacupuncture analgesia group, and 94.0% (94/100) and 100.0% (100/100) in the intravenous anesthesia group, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P > 0.05). There was no adverse reaction in the electroacupuncture anesthesia group, but 11 cases of adverse reactions in the intravenous anesthesia group. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture analgesia can effectively alleviate the pain during gynecologic outpatient operation and it is simple and safe without adverse reactions.

Contributions of functional groups and extracellular polymeric substances on the biosorption of dyes by aerobic granules.

The contributions of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), residual sludge (the sludge left after EPS extraction) and functional groups such as amine, carboxyl, phosphate and lipid on aerobic granules on biosorption of four different dyes (Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R (KN-R), Congo Red (CR), Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G (RBR) and Malachite Green (MG)) were investigated. EPS may be responsible for biosorption of cationic dyes. However, residual sludge always made greater contribution than that of EPS. The biosorption mechanisms were dependent on the functional groups on aerobic granules and dyes' chemical structures. The lipid and phosphate groups might be the main binding sites for KN-R biosorption. Amine, carboxyl, phosphate and lipid were all responsible for the binding of CR. The lipid fractions played an important role for RBR biosorption. For MG, the phosphate groups gave the largest contribution.

[Sludge population optimisation in biological wastewater treatment systems through on-line control].

The structure and function of activated sludge community were studied in an A/O pilot-scale plant treating actual domestic wastewater. FISH results show the feasibility and effectiveness of sludge population optimisation. A/O process short-cut nitrification with process control of DO and aeration based on DO and pH on-line sensors can be achieved, and gradually eliminated nitrite oxidising bacteria, and therefore achieved nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway. It can be realized sludge population optimisation, improving nitrogen removal and saving operational cost at the best with on-line process control.

[Experimental study of nitrite accumulation in pre-denitrification biological nitrogen removal process].

It was realized nitrite accumulation in a pilot-scale pre-denitrification process at normal temperature. The influence factors, temperature, pH, FA and DO, for nitrite accumulation were analyzed. The nitrite was accumulated in the beginning time with the DO kept at 0.5 mg/L, however the phenomenon of nitrite accumulation was vanished when the DO increased to 1.5 mg/L. At last the nitrite accumulation was resumed when DO reduced to 0.5 mg/L. So it could be obtained that DO was the main factor to realize nitrite accumulation in the study. It was found that it was possible to keep stable and high nitrite accumulation effectively control DO at 0.5 mg/L.

[Short-cut/Complete nitrification and denitrification in a pilot-scale plant treating actual domestic wastewater].

It is realized short-cut nitrification and denitrification in an A/O pilot-scale plant treating actual domestic wastewater controlling DO concentration (0.5 mg/L) in low level at normal temperature, the average nitrite accumulation rate reached 85 % or above. Three operational modes: low DO short-cut nitrification and denitrification (Mode 1), low DO complete nitrification and denitrification (Mode 2) and high DO complete nitrification and denitrification (Mode 3) were briefly compared, based on the nitrogen removal, operating cost, sludge characteristics and operational mechanism. Experimental results showed that the Model is the best modes of biological nitrogen removal, in terms of improving nitrogen removal and reducing operating cost. The net pH change in aerobic zones and anoxic zones is high for Mode 1, but the net pH change in anoxic zones is very small for Mode 3. The nitrification rate is the smallest for Mode 2, and the nitrification rate for Mode 3 is little higher than that of Mode 1; the denitrification rate for Model is larger than that of Mode 3 about 15 %. It is feasible using DO and pH on-line sensors to control the nitrification process.