Efficacy of polyethylene glycol loxenatide versus insulin glargine on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial.

Objective: This trial aimed to evaluate the glycemic control of polyethylene glycol loxenatide measured with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with the hypothesis that participants given PEG-Loxe would spend more time in time-in-range (TIR) than participants were given insulin glargine after 24 weeks of treatment. Methods: This 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study was conducted in the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, Shantou, China. Participants with T2DM, who were ≥45 years of age, HbA1c of 7.0%-11.0%, and treated at least 3 months with metformin were randomized (1:1) to receive PEG-Loxe or insulin glargine. The primary endpoint was TIR (blood glucose range: 3.9-10.0 mmol/L) during the last 2 weeks of treatment (weeks 22-24). Results: From March 2020 to April 2022, a total of 107 participants with T2DM were screened, of whom 78 were enrolled into the trial (n = 39 per group). At the end of treatment (weeks 22-24), participants given PEG-Loxe had a greater proportion of time in TIR compared with participants given insulin glargine [estimated treatment difference (ETD) of 13.4% (95% CI, 6.8 to 20.0, p < 0.001)]. The tight TIR (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) was greater with PEG-Loxe versus insulin glargine, with an ETD of 15.6% (95% CI, 8.9 to 22.4, p < 0.001). The time above range (TAR) was significantly lower with PEG-Loxe versus insulin glargine [ETD for level 1: -10.5% (95% CI: -14.9 to -6.0), p < 0.001; ETD for level 2: -4.7% (95% CI: -7.9 to -1.5), p = 0.004]. The time below range (TBR) was similar between the two groups. The mean glucose was lower with PEG-Loxe versus insulin glargine, with an ETD of -1.2 mmol/L (95% CI, -1.9 to -0.5, p = 0.001). The SD of CGM glucose levels was 1.88 mmol/L for PEG-Loxe and 2.22 mmol/L for insulin glargine [ETD -0.34 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.55 to -0.12), p = 0.002], with a similar CV between the two groups. Conclusion: The addition of once-weekly GLP-1RA PEG-Loxe to metformin was superior to insulin glargine in improving glycemic control and glycemic variability evaluated by CGM in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM.

Symptoms of depression, perceived social support, and medical coping modes among middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of depression in diabetes population, explore the relationship between diabetes and depression, and the impact of comprehensive psychological and behavioral intervention on depression related to diabetes and glucose metabolism. Methods: 71 middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated and evaluated with Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Medical Coping Scale (MCWQ) and Social Support Scale (PSSS). Patients who met the research criteria were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The number of effective cases in the two groups was 36 and 35 respectively. In addition to conventional diabetes drug treatment, the experimental group was supplemented with comprehensive psychological and behavioral intervention, while the control group was only given conventional treatment. The fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, body weight and depression index were measured before and after treatment in the two groups. Results: The prevalence of depression in patients with diabetes was as high as 60%, and that in the elderly control group was 5%; In type 2 diabetes population, depression is negatively related to the total score of social support and medical coping surface, and positively related to avoidance, blood sugar, women, course of disease, education level below junior high school, body mass index, and number of complications in medical coping; The fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, body mass index, and depression index of the two groups decreased, and the range and speed of decline in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group; There were significant differences between the two groups in fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose and depression index; During the follow-up period, the blood glucose and depression index of the experimental group increased. Conclusion: Depression has a high prevalence rate in middle-aged and elderly people with type 2 diabetes, and has a negative impact on blood sugar control in diabetes patients; Psychological and behavioral comprehensive intervention can improve the glucose metabolism and depressive symptoms of middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Pharmacoeconomic analysis (CER) of Dulaglutide and Liraglutide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To evaluate the treatment effect Fand pharmacoeconomic value of Dugaglutide in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Women (n=96) with type 2 diabetes recruited from June 2019 to December 2021 were randomized into two equal groups. The control group was treated with Liraglutide, and the observation group was treated with Dulaglutide, both for 24 weeks. The blood glucose levels, biochemical index, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), cost-effect ratio (CER), and drug safety were determined and compared between the two groups. Results: Blood glucose levels, the biochemical index, and HOMA-IR were lower in both groups after the treatment (P < 0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the blood glucose levels, biochemical index and HOMA-IR between the two groups (P > 0.05). The CER levels did not differ statistically between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both the cost and the incidence of drug side effects during solution injection were lower in the observation group than in the control group after 24 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both Dulaglutide and Liraglutide can reduce blood glucose levels, improve biochemical index, and HOMA-IR levels in women with type 2 diabetes. Dulaglutide is more cost-effective and safe. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifier ChiCTR1900026514.

The effect of guar gum consumption on the lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Dyslipidemia is a common encounter in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the current strategies to manage it are still suboptimal. Subsequently, identifying newer molecules with lipid-lowering effects is necessary. A great deal of attention has been given in recent years to fiber supplements, e.g., guar gum. Thus, we screened and evaluated the quality of the evidence regarding the benefits of guar gum supplementation in T2DM and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of this compound on serum lipids in T2DM. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase, from the inception of these databases until January 2021. In total, 11 papers were included based on the eligible criteria in our meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the eligible trials demonstrated a significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -20.32 mg/dL, 95% CI: -27.02, -13.62, P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -14.52 mg/dL, 95% CI: -20.69, -8.35, P < 0.001) following guar gum supplementation in T2DM patients. The subgroup analysis based on the dosage (g/day) of this compound revealed that ≥20 g/day of guar gum led to a notable decrease in triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD: -12.55 mg/dL, 95% CI: -23.72, -1.37, P = 0.02) versus < 20 g/day (WMD: -1.84 mg/dL, 95% CI: -32.18, 28.49, P = 0.90). Guar gum supplementation had no effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 0.66 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.95, 2.28, P = 0.42). Guar gum consumption has lipid-lowering effects when administered to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is particularly able to reduce TC, LDL-C and TG levels. Further research is however needed to confirm our findings.

Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment of autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.

There is a strong link between fecal microbiota and the development of type 1 diabetes. As an emerging therapeutic modality, fecal microbiota transplantation has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of many intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Various studies have found that fecal microbiota transplantation can treat diseases by correcting patients' immune disorders. Besides, many studies have found that fecal microbiota transplantation can improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanism of action of fecal microbiota transplantation on autoimmune-mediated T1DM and the current research progress, feasibility, and issues that need to be addressed in the future development of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune-mediated T1DM.

Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mullites: Advanced research-based review.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the proper functioning of human organisms, while its dysbiosis is associated with disease in various body organs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a set of heterogeneous metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by direct or indirect insulin deficiency. There is growing evidence that gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely linked to the development of DM. Gut microbiota composition changes in type 1 diabetes mullites (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mullites (T2DM) patients, which may cause gut leakiness and uncontrolled entry of antigens into the circulation system, triggering an immune response that damages the isle ß cells or metabolic disorders. This review summarizes gut microbiota composition in healthy individuals and compares it to diabetes mullites patients. The possible pathogenesis by which gut microbiota dysbiosis causes DM, particularly gut leakiness and changes in gut microbiota metabolites is also discussed. It also presents the process of microbial-based therapies of DM.

Gut microbiota diversity in middle-aged and elderly patients with end-stage diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but the mechanism between DKD and ESRD remains unclear. Some experts have put forward the "microbial-centered ESRD development theory", believing that the bacterial load caused by gut microecological imbalance and uremia toxin transfer are the core pathogenic links. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genomic characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with ESRD, specifically DKD or non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with ESRD were recruited in a community, including 22 DKD patients and 22 NDKD patients matched using gender and age. Fecal samples of patients were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing and gut microbiota analysis. The distribution structure, diversity, and abundance of microflora in DKD patients were analyzed by constructing species evolutionary trees and analyzing alpha diversity, beta diversity, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Results: The results of our study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the richness and species of gut microbiota at the total level between DKD patients and NDKD patients. The analysis of genus level between the two groups showed significant differences in 16 bacterial genera. Among them, Oscillibacter, Bilophila, UBA1819, Ruminococcaceae UCG-004, Anaerotruncus, Ruminococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 bacteria in DKD patients were higher than those in NDKD patients. Conclusions: 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used in this study to analyze the characteristics of intestinal flora in ESRD patients with or without diabetes. We found that there was a significant difference in the intestinal flora of ESRD patients caused by DKD and NDKD, suggesting that these may be potential causative bacteria for the development of ERSD in DKD patients.

Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment of autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune-mediated disease characterized by a reduced or absolute lack of insulin secretion and often associated with a range of vascular and neurological complications for which there is a lack of effective treatment other than lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments such as insulin injections. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is involved in mediating the onset and development of many fecal and extrafecal diseases, including autoimmune T1DM. In recent years, many cases of gut microbiota transplantation for diseases of the bowel and beyond have been reported worldwide, and this approach has been shown to be safe and effective. Here, we conducted an experimental treatment study in two adolescent patients diagnosed with autoimmune T1DM for one year. Patients received one to three rounds of normal fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) and were followed for up to 30 weeks. Clinical outcomes were measured, including biochemical indices, medication regimen, and dosage adjustment. Fecal microbiota metagenomic sequencing after transplantation provides a reference for more reasonable and effective microbiota transplantation protocols to treat autoimmune T1DM. Our results suggest that FMT is an effective treatment for autoimmune T1DM. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2100045789.

Polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide Injection (GLP-1) Protects Vascular Endothelial Cell Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes by Regulating Gut Microbiota.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide Injection (Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1) on endothelial cells from middle-aged and elderly patients with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 weekly formulation was analyzed for cardiovascular disease protection and correlated with intestinal flora. Design: Stool samples were collected from middle-aged and elderly patients with new-onset or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in Longhu People's Hospital and Shantou Central Hospital from June 2019 to November 2019. Samples were collected at week 0, 4, and 8 of treatment with GLP-1 weekly formulations. Samples were analyzed for metagenomic sequencing. Analysis was performed to compare the characteristics of the gut microbiota at week 0, 4, and 8 of GLP-1 treatment and to correlate different microbiota with characteristic clinical parameters. Results: Statistical differences were found in blood glucose lowering, cardiovascular endothelial, and inflammation-related indices between week 0 and W4 and in blood glucose lowering and cardiovascular endothelial indices from week 0 to 8 in the newly diagnosed or poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients treated with GLP-1. Changes in gut microbiota at week 0, 4, and 8 after using GLP-1 were not statistically different, but had an overall trend of rising and then falling, and with different bacteria, that were correlated with different clinical indicators. Conclusion: GLP-1 improves endothelial cell function indicators in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients, which may be related to its alteration of the population numbers of gut microbiota such as Acinetobacter, Eubacterium ramulus ATCC 29099, and Bacteroides_faecis. This study provides a guidance for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients.

Association between fasting blood glucose and thyroid stimulating hormones and suicidal tendency and disease severity in patients with major depressive disorder.

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes are reported to be associated with depression. However, their role in the suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare thyroid dysfunction and diabetes between suicide attempters and non-suicide attempters in a large sample of first-episode drug-naïve (FEND) MDD patients. A descriptive study was conducted on 1279 Chinese outpatients with a diagnosis of first-episode MDD. Their sociodemographic information, blood levels of thyroid hormones, glucose, lipids and body mass index (BMI) parameters were collected. The positive subscales of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were measured for psychotic, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Our results showed that compared with non-suicide attempters (P<0.01), suicide attempters had statistically higher scores on HAMD, HAMA and PANSS psychotic symptoms, as well as higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels, glucose, anti-thyroglobulin (A-TG), anti-thyroid peroxidase (A-TPO), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (all with P<0.001). These results revealed that TSH, A-TG, A-TPO, TC, TG and LDL-C may be promising biomarkers of suicide risk in MDD, implying the importance of regular assessment of blood glucose level and thyroid function parameters for suicide prevention, along with possible treatment for impaired thyroid function and diabetes for the suicide intervention in MDD patients. Such patients with abnormal blood sugar and TSH must undergo thorough screening for suicidal ideation.

Advancement of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulation of Intestinal Flora: Mechanism-based Role in Disease Management.

Intestinal microecology is the largest and most complex human microecology. The intestinal microflora plays an important role in human health. Imbalance of intestinal microflora contributes to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Recently, the treatment of human diseases by regulating intestinal microflora has become a research topic of interest. Traditional Chinese medicine considers the whole human body as the central concept in disease treatment strategies. It advocates maintaining the coordination and balance of the functions of various organs and systems of the human body, including the intestinal microflora. Traditional Chinese medicine improves the metabolism and immune function of the human body by regulating the intestinal microflora. The intestinal microflora could trigger pharmacological activity or reduce toxicity of drugs through regulating metabolism, which enables traditional Chinese medicine formulations to exert their best therapeutic effects. This review summarized the relationship between the intestinal microflora and digestive system, tumors, and other diseases. Furthermore, the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of tumors, and other diseases is discussed. The relationship among traditional Chinese medicine and the common intestinal microflora, pathogenesis of human diseases, and effective intervention methods were elaborated. In addition, we explored the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of various human diseases by regulating intestinal microflora to provide new treatment concepts. There is a close relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and the intestinal microflora. Traditional Chinese medicine formulations contribute to maintain the natural balance of the intestinal tract and the intestinal microflora to achieve treatment effects. This paper summarizes the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine formulations in regulating the intestinal microflora in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, it summarizes information on the application of the interaction between traditional Chinese medicine preparations and the regulation of intestinal microflora in the treatment of common human diseases. Intestinal microflora plays a key role in traditional Chinese medicine in maintaining the natural balance of physiology and metabolism of human body. It will provide a theoretical basis for the traditional Chinese medicine preparations in the prevention and treatment of common human diseases, and simulate future research on this aspect.

Reconstruction of intestinal microecology of type 2 diabetes by fecal microbiota transplantation: Why and how.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. Mounting evidence has correlated T2D to alterations in the composition of gut microbiota. Accordingly, targeting the gut microbiota has become an emerging strategy for T2D management. The aim of this article is to get a better insight into the rationale for targeting gut microbiota in T2D treatment. Thus, we herein reviewed the change of gut microbiota composition in T2D, factors shaping gut microbiota, and potential mechanisms behind the contribution of gut microbiota to T2D pathogenesis. At present, it has become possible to use intestinal microorganism capsules, bacteria liquid, and other preparations to carry out fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment and intervention of T2D with insulin resistance and immune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Measuring the dosage of brief and skill-targeted social-emotional learning (SEL) activities in humanitarian settings.

Introduction: In humanitarian settings, social-emotional learning (SEL) programs for children are often delivered using a field-feasible approach where the programs are more easily deployable and adaptable in the field, require minimal training, and depend less on the strict sequence and structure of the program components to elicit the intended treatment effect. However, evidence is lacking on what aspects of this implementation approach enable the SEL programming to be more beneficial to children's SEL development. Method: In this study, we propose and evaluate measures for three dimensions of dosage (quantity, duration, and temporal pattern) of two sets of brief and skill-targeted SEL activities (Mindfulness and Brain Games) implemented in 20 primary schools in two low-income chiefdoms of Sierra Leone. Results: We find preliminary evidence of predictive validity that these dosage measures could predict children's attendance and classroom adaptive behavior. Discussion: This study is the first to develop procedures to measure the dimensions of dosage of brief SEL activities in humanitarian settings. Our findings illuminate the need for future research on optimizing the dosage and implementation design of SEL programming using brief SEL activities.

Fecal microbiota transplantation reverses insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled, prospective study.

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) improved the metabolic profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet the effectiveness in reversing insulin resistance and increasing metformin sensitivity in T2DM patients have not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the improvements of T2DM patients and their gut microbiota by FMT alone and FMT plus metformin. Methods: A total of 31 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were randomized to intervention by metformin, FMT, or FMT plus metformin in the study. Patients were followed up at baseline and week 4 after treatment. Blood and stool samples were collected and subject to analyze clinical parameters and microbial communities by metagenomic sequencing, respectively. Results: FMT alone and FMT plus metformin significantly improved the clinical indicators HOMA-IR and BMI in T2DM, besides fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c that were also controlled by metformin. Donor microbiota effectively colonized in T2DM with slightly higher colonization ration in FMT than FMT plus metformin within 4 weeks, resulting in increased microbial diversity and community changes from baseline after treatment. A total of 227 species and 441 species were significantly alerted after FMT and FMT plus metformin, respectively. FMT were significantly associated with the clinical parameters. Among them, Chlorobium phaeovibrioides, Bifidibacterium adolescentis and Synechococcus sp.WH8103 were potential due to their significantly negative correlations with HOMA-IR. Conclusions: FMT with or without metformin significantly improve insulin resistance and body mass index and gut microbial communities of T2DM patients by colonization of donor-derived microbiota.

Gut Bacterial Characteristics of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Application Potential.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder comprehensively influenced by genetic and environmental risk, and research increasingly has indicated the role of microbial dysbiosis in T2DM pathogenesis. However, studies comparing the microbiome characteristics between T2DM and healthy controls have reported inconsistent results. To further identify and describe the characteristics of the intestinal flora of T2DM patients, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of stool microbial profiles to discern and describe microbial dysbiosis in T2DM and to explore heterogeneity among 7 studies (600 T2DM cases, 543 controls, 1143 samples in total). Using a random effects model and a fixed effects model, we observed significant differences in beta diversity, but not alpha diversity, between individuals with T2DM and controls. We identified various operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) and bacterial genera with significant odds ratios for T2DM. The T2DM signatures derived from a single study by stepwise feature selection could be applied in other studies. By training on multiple studies, we improved the detection accuracy and disease specificity for T2DM. We also discuss the relationship between T2DM-enriched or T2DM-depleted genera and probiotics and provide new ideas for diabetes prevention and improvement.

Factors Associated With Violence Against Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression of Nationally Representative Data.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-regression sought to identify the relative importance of factors associated with physical, emotional, and sexual violence against children in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding of factors associated with violence is important for targeted programming and prevention on the population level. METHODS: We searched 17 electronic databases from 1989 to 2018 and reports from child violence surveys. Nationally representative studies that described evidence on potential factors associated with violence against children under 18 years old were included. The search was restricted to the English language. Factors were synthesized quantitatively using robust variance estimation, with 95% confidence intervals, for each violence type. RESULTS: We identified 8,346 unduplicated studies, and 103 publications met our eligibility criteria. The data distribution was uneven across region, country income status, factors, and violence types. Of the 94 eligible studies quantitatively synthesized, no specific factors were significant for physical violence. Lower household socioeconomic status, being a girl, and primary education of mothers and adults in the household were associated with emotional violence, and being a girl was associated with sexual violence. CONCLUSION: A broad spectrum of factors merit consideration for physical violence policy and prevention among the general population of children in low- and middle-income countries. Conversely, a tailored approach may be warranted for preventing emotional and sexual violence. Information is unequally distributed across countries, factors, and violence types. Greater emphasis should be placed on collecting representative data on the general population and vulnerable subgroups to achieve national reductions in violence against children.

Vitamin D and Lipid Profiles in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background and Aim: It is known that hyperlipidemia and low vitamin D level are risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the effect of vitamin D administration on lipid profiles in postmenopausal women remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on lipid profiles in postmenopausal women based on meta-analysis and systemic review. Methods: The literature search was performed in multiple databases (Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase) from 1997 to 2021. The statistical analysis was performed using the Stata software version 14 (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, United States). The effects of vitamin D administration of the lipid profiles, including Triacylglycerol (TG), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C), and Total Cholesterol (TC) were evaluated by the Der Simonian and Laird random effects model. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: The level of TG changed significantly by -3.76 mg/dl (CI: -6.12 to -1.39, p = 0.004) and HDL-C by 0.48 mg/dl (CI: -0.80 to -0.15, p = 0.004) in vitamin D administration group [11 eligible trials (placebo = 505 participants, vitamin D intervention = 604 participants)] compared to the control group in the postmenopausal women. Taking into account this comparison between groups, in contrast, the level of LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: 0.73 mg/dl, 95% CI: -1.88, 3.36, p = 0.583) and TC (WMD: 0.689 mg/dl, CI: -3.059 to 4.438, p = 0.719) did not change significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, the vitamin D administration in postmenopausal women, decreased the concentrations of TG, and HDL-C, but have no effects on LDL-C and TC.

Rapid Detection of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Feces Sample by Highly Sensitive Quartz Crystal Microbalance Immunosensor.

In this work, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor has been fabricated using immunoassay for sensitive determination of Bifidobacterium bifidum. Au nanoparticle has been used for amplifying sandwich assays. The proposed immunosensor exhibited a linear detection range between 103 and 105 CFU/mL with a limit of detection of 2.1 × 102 CFU/mL. The proposed immunosensor exhibited good selectivity for B. bifidum sensing with low cross reactivity for other foodborne pathogens such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli. In addition, the proposed immunosensor has been successfully used for B. bifidum detection in feces samples and food samples. The frequency decreases of 12, 17, and 10 Hz were observed from the milk samples consisting of the mixtures of L. acidophilus, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli. The frequency decreases of 8, 15, and 7 Hz were observed from the feces samples consisting of the mixtures of L. acidophilus, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli.

Longitudinal links between maternal and peer emotion socialization and adolescent girls' socioemotional adjustment.

Although research has demonstrated that both parents and peers influence adolescent development, it is not clear whether these relationships also serve as contexts for emotion socialization. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated whether maternal and peer emotion socialization were related to adolescent girls' daily emotions, emotion regulation, and social and emotional adjustment. The sample included 160 adolescent girls from low-income families followed across 2 years. At Time 1 (T1), girls reported on maternal and peer emotion socialization practices during laboratory visits. At Time 2 (T2), girls reported on daily negative and positive affect using ecological momentary assessment across 2 weeks. Emotion regulation, internalizing problems, and prosocial behavior were assessed during laboratory visits at both T1 and 2 years later (Time 3 [T3]). Results demonstrated that higher levels of maternal and peer emotionally supportive socialization practices were associated with lower levels of girls' daily negative affect. Mothers' supportive practices also predicted increases in girls' emotion regulation over time. Both maternal and peer unsupportive practices predicted more internalizing problems, and peer unsupportive practices predicted less prosocial behavior over time. This study supports and expands Eisenberg's heuristic model by demonstrating that both maternal and peer emotion socialization are associated with adolescent girls' emotional and behavioral outcomes, and maternal and peer emotion socialization have differential effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).