RESUMO
With-no-lysine kinase (WNK) is a unique serine/threonine kinase family member. WNK differs from other protein kinases by not having a standard lysine in subdomain II of the universally preserved kinase catalytic region. Conversely, the amino acid lysine located in subdomain I plays a crucial role in its phosphorylation. The WNK family has been reported to regulate Arabidopsis flowering, circadian rhythm, and abiotic stress. Eighteen members of the WNK gene family were discovered in apples in this research, and they were primarily grouped into five categories on the phylogenetic tree. Conserved domains and motifs also confirmed their identity as members of the WNK family. Promoter cis-acting element analysis indicated their potential role in responses to both abiotic stress and phytohormones. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of MdWNK family genes was stimulated to different extents by Colletotrichum siamense, NaCl, mannitol, ABA, JA, and SA, with Colletotrichum siamense being the most prominent stimulant. MdWNK family genes were expressed across all apple tissues, with young fruits showing the greatest expression and roots showing the least expression. The research offered detailed insights into the MdWNK gene family, serving as a crucial basis for investigating the biological roles of MdWNK genes.
Assuntos
Colletotrichum , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Malus , Família Multigênica , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases , Estresse Fisiológico , Malus/genética , Malus/microbiologia , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Genoma de PlantaRESUMO
Two new cyclic hexapeptides, nocardiamides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture broth of marine-derived actinomycete CNX037 strain that was identified as a Nocardiopsis species. The planar structures of nocardiamides A (1) and B (2) were assigned on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. Their absolute configurations were deduced by the advanced Marfey's method and chiral-phase HPLC analysis. The challenge of locating two d- and one l-valine residue in 1 and 2 was accomplished by total synthesis using solid-phase peptide synthetic methods. Both 1 and 2 showed negligible antimicrobial activities against seven indicator strains and exhibited no cytotoxicity against HCT-116.