[Bibliometrics Analysis of Studies on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From 2018 to 2022].

Objective To analyze the research progress and hot topics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from 2018 to 2022.Methods The publications in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 were retrieved from Web of Science core collection database and included for a bibliometric analysis.Results A total of 6355 publications were included,with an average citation frequency of 7 times.The year 2021 witnessed the most publications (1406).The analysis with VOSviewer showed that the research on sudden death related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,especially the predictive value of late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI in sudden death,was a hot topic.In addition,gene detection and the new drug mavacamten became hot research topics.The United States was the country with the largest number of publications and the highest citation frequency in this field.Chinese scholars produced the second largest number of publications,which,however,included few high-quality research results.Conclusions Risk stratification and prevention of sudden death is still an important and hot research content in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Chinese scholars should carry out multi-center cooperation in the future to improve the research results.

Multiple Interlayer Interactions Enable Highly Stable X-ray Detection in 2D Hybrid Perovskites.

Metal halide perovskites have outperformed conventional inorganic semiconductors in direct X-ray detection due to their ease of synthesis and intriguing photoelectric properties. However, the operational instability caused by severe ion migration under a high external electric field is still a big concern for the practical application of perovskite detectors. Here, we report a 2D (BPEA)2PbI4 (BPEA = R-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylammonium) perovskite with Br-substituted aromatic spacer capable of introducing abundant interactions, e.g., the molecular electrostatic forces between Br atoms and aromatic rings and halogen bonds of Br-I, in the interlayer space, which effectively suppresses ion migration and thus enables superior operational stability. Constructing direct X-ray detectors based on high-quality single crystals of (BPEA)2PbI4 results in a high sensitivity of 1,003 µC Gy-1 cm-2, a low detection limit of 366 nGy s-1, and an ultralow baseline drift of 3.48 × 10-8 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 at 80 V bias. More strikingly, it also exhibits exceptional operational stability under high flux, long-time X-ray irradiation, and large working voltage. This work shows an integration of multiple interlayer interactions to stabilize perovskite X-ray detectors, providing new insights into the future design of perovskite optoelectronic devices toward practical application.

Cone-beam CT evaluation of post-extraction alveolar bone changes at the maxillary incisor sites in an East Asian population: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Understanding the characteristics of alveolar bone resorption in an East Asian population after maxillary incisor extraction and providing a reference for implant treatment plans. Study design: Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) data of 125 East Asian patients with unilateral extraction of maxillary incisors for 3 months were collected. The alveolar bone width and height in the extraction sites were measured and compared with the corresponding contralateral sites. Results: The differences in alveolar bone width between the extraction site and contralateral site were as follows: 4.11 mm, 2.68 mm, and 2.09 mm (3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm apical from CEJ of the contralateral tooth). Data are expressed as the median. The horizontal resorption ratio of alveolar bone was 49.94 %, 31.5 %, and 24.46 %. The difference in alveolar bone height was 0.78 mm. The vertical resorption ratio was 7.78 %. The resorption did not differ significantly between sexes and was not significantly affected by tooth positions. Conclusions: In the studied East Asian population, significant horizontal and vertical alveolar bone resorption occurs after natural healing of maxillary incisor extraction for 3 months. The closer to the alveolar ridge crest, the more significant the horizontal resorption, resulting in an "inverted triangle" shape residual alveolar bone.

Kv3.1 Interaction with UBR5 Is Required for Chronic Inflammatory Pain.

Chronic inflammatory pain caused by neuronal hyperactivity is a common and refractory disease. Kv3.1, a member of the Kv3 family of voltage-dependent K+ channels, is a major determinant of the ability of neurons to generate high-frequency action potentials. However, little is known about its role in chronic inflammatory pain. Here, we show that although Kv3.1 mRNA expression was unchanged, Kv3.1 protein expression was decreased in the dorsal spinal horn of mice after plantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), a mouse model of inflammatory pain. Upregulating Kv3.1 expression alleviated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, whereas downregulating Kv3.1 induced nociception-like behaviors. Additionally, we found that ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5 (UBR5), a key factor in the initiation of chronic pain, binds directly to Kv3.1 to drive its ubiquitin degradation. Intrathecal injection of the peptide TP-CH-401, a Kv3.1 ubiquitination motif sequence, rescued the decrease in Kv3.1 expression and Kv currents through competitive binding to UBR5, and consequently attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized pathway of Kv3.1 abrogation by UBR5 and indicate that Kv3.1 is critically involved in the regulation of nociceptive behavior. Kv3.1 is thus a promising new target for treating inflammatory pain.

Role of 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosidase 1 deficiency in exacerbating diabetic cardiomyopathy through the regulation of insulin resistance.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart failure syndrome, and is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. DCM is mainly characterized by ventricular dilation, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Clinical studies have found that insulin resistance is an independent risk factor for DCM. However, its specific mechanism of DCM remains unclear. 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase 1(OGG1)is involved in DNA base repair and the regulation of inflammatory genes. In this study, we show that OGG1 was associated with the occurrence of DCM. for the first time. The expression of OGG1 was increased in the heart tissue of DCM mice, and OGG1 deficiency aggravated the cardiac dysfunction of DCM mice. Metabolomics show that OGG1 deficiency resulted in obstruction of glycolytic pathway. At the molecular level, OGG1 regulated glucose uptake and insulin resistance by interacting with PPAR-γ in vitro. In order to explore the protective effect of exogenous OGG1 on DCM, OGG1 adeno-associated virus was injected into DCM mice through tail vein in the middle stage of the disease. We found that the overexpression of OGG1 could improve cardiac dysfunction of DCM mice, indicating that OGG1 had a certain therapeutic effect on DCM. These results demonstrate that OGG1 is a new molecular target for the treatment of DCM and has certain clinical significance.

Enhanced external counterpulsation treatment improves multi-organ hemodynamics for postoperative liver transplantation patient. A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Post liver transplantation (LT) patients endure high morbidity rate of multi-organ ischemic symptoms following reperfusion. We hypothesize that enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) as a typical non-invasive assisted circulation procedure, which can efficiently inhibit the relative ischemic symptoms via the systemic improvement of hemodynamics. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old male patient, 76 kg, 172 cm, received orthotopic LT surgery for viral hepatitis B induced acute-on-chronic liver failure hepatic failure. His medical records revealed ischemic symptoms in multi-organ at the time of hospital discharge, including headache, refractory insomnia, abdominal paralysis, and lower limb pain. The EECP treatment was introduced for assisted rehabilitation and to improve the postoperative quality of life. Doppler Ultrasound examination showed significant augmentation of blood flow volume in the carotid arteries, the hepatic artery, the portal vein and the femoral artery during EECP intervention. A standard 35-hour EECP treatment led to significant improvement in quality of life, e.g. sleep quality and walking ability. CONCLUSION: We report a case of multi-organ ischemic symptoms in a post LT patient. EECP treatment can significantly improve the quality of life via the systematic promotion of hemodynamics.

Dynamin-related protein 1 mediates the therapeutic effect of isoliquiritigenin in diabetic intimal hyperplasia via regulation of mitochondrial fission.

Phenotypic shift of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in intimal hyperplasia, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to investigate the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in mitochondrial fission-mediated VSMC phenotypic shift and to clarify whether DRP1 is the therapeutic target of isoliquiritigenin (ISL). Wire injury of carotid artery or platelet-derived growth factor treatment was performed in DM mice or high-glucose cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), respectively. The effects of DRP1 silencing on DM-induced intimal hyperplasia were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Phenotypic shift of HASMCs was evaluated by detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell viability, and related protein expressions. The effects of ISL on DM-induced intimal hyperplasia were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. DRP1 silencing and ISL treatment attenuated DM-induced intimal hyperplasia with reduced ROS generation, cell viability, and VSMC dedifferentiation. The GTPase domain of DRP1 protein played a critical role in mitochondrial fission in DM-induced VSMC phenotypic shift. Cellular experiments showed that ISL inhibited mitochondrial fission and reduced the GTPase activity of DRP1, which was achieved by the directly binding to K216 of the DRP1 GTPase domain. ISL attenuated mouse intimal hyperplasia by reducing GTPase activity of DRP1 and inhibiting mitochondrial fission in vivo. In conclusion, increased GTPase activity of DRP1 aggregated DM-induced intimal hyperplasia by increasing mitochondrial fission-mediated VSMC phenotypic shift. ISL attenuated mouse intimal hyperplasia by reducing DRP1 GTPase activity and inhibiting mitochondrial fission of VSMCs.

Reversible Snapping of Constrained Anisotropic Hydrogels Upon Light Stimulations.

Creatures, such as Venus flytrap and hummingbirds, capable of rapid predation through snap-through transition, provide paradigms for the design of soft actuators and robots with fast actions. However, these artificial "snappers" usually need contact stimulations to trigger the flipping. Reported here is a constrained anisotropic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel showing fast snapping upon light stimulation. This hydrogel is prepared by flow-induced orientation of nanosheets (NSs) within a rectangular tube. The precursor containing gold nanoparticles is immediately exposed to UV light for photopolymerization to fix the ordered structure of NSs. Two ends of the slender gel are clamped to form a buckle with bistability nature, which snaps to the other side upon laser irradiation. Systematic experiments are conducted to investigate the influences of power intensity and irradiation angle of the laser, as well as thickness and buckle height of the gel, on the snapping behaviors. The fast snapping is further used to kick a plastic bead and control the switch state. Furthermore, synergetic or oscillated snapping of the gel with two buckles of opposite directions is realized by inclined irradiation of a laser or horizontal irradiation with two lasers, respectively. Such light-steered snapping of hydrogels should merit designing soft robots, energy harvests, etc.

Common alterations in parallel metabolomic profiling of serum and spinal cord and mechanistic studies on neuropathic pain following PPARα administration.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is usually treated with analgesics and symptomatic therapy with poor efficacy and numerous side effects, highlighting the urgent need for effective treatment strategies. Recent studies have reported an important role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in regulating metabolism as well as inflammatory responses. Through pain behavioral assessment, we found that activation of PPARα prevented chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, PPARα ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration at the injury site and decreased microglial activation, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome production, and spinal dendritic spine density, as well as improved serum and spinal cord metabolic levels in mice. Administration of PPARα antagonists eliminates the analgesic effect of PPARα agonists. PPARα relieves NP by inhibiting neuroinflammation and functional synaptic plasticity as well as modulating metabolic mechanisms, suggesting that PPARα may be a potential molecular target for NP alleviation. However, the effects of PPARα on neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity should be further explored.

Fucoxanthin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive role and underlying mechanisms of fucoxanthin (Fx) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice. Our results demonstrated that the oral administration of Fx (50 and 200 mg per kg body weight per day) for consecutive 7 days significantly alleviated the severity of LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice, as evidenced by attenuating body weight loss, improving intestinal permeability, and ameliorating intestinal morphological damage such as reduction in the ratio of the villus length to the crypt depth (V/C), intestinal epithelium distortion, goblet cell depletion, and low mucin 2 (MUC2) expression. Fx also significantly mitigated LPS-induced excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and curbed the decrease of tight junction proteins including claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 in the ileum and colon. Additionally, Fx effectively alleviated LPS-induced extensive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the intestinal mucosa, the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1beta (IL-1ß) and IL-6, and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis of IECs. The underlying mechanisms might be associated with inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways. Moreover, Fx also notably restrained intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels in LPS-treated mice, and it might be mediated by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Overall, these findings indicated that Fx might be developed as a potential effective dietary supplement to prevent intestinal barrier injury.

Assessment of triglyceride clearance of haemoperfusion from three cases of hypertriglyceridaemia-induced acute pancreatitis: a case series.

Rapid reduction of plasma triglycerides (TG) is believed to improve the outcome of pancreatitis in the context of hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG)-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP). Previous studies have suggested that haemoperfusion (HP) with the Jafron cartridge series could be effective for reducing TG concentrations in patients with HTG-AP. However, the clearance capacity (CC) for TG removal has not been reported. This case series reports on data from three patients with HTG-AP who underwent HP with HA230 or HA330 cartridges. Blood samples were collected from both before and after the cartridge circuit every 30 min and the CC was calculated. Twelve pairs of blood samples were collected for each type of HP cartridge. The mean ± SD CC of the HA230 cartridge for TG removal in this case series was 0.009781 ± 1.117235 ml/min (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.7000762, 0.7196384 ml). The mean ± SD CC of the HA330 cartridge for TG removal in this case series was 0.344914 ± 1.412183 ml/min (95% CI, -0.5523448, 1.2421721 ml). Based on the findings of this small case series, special caution is advised when considering the use of the HA230 and HA330 cartridges for reducing blood TG concentration pending further conclusive evidence from larger studies.

Engineering Tough Supramolecular Hydrogels with Structured Micropillars for Tunable Wetting and Adhesion Properties.

Soft-lithography is widely used to fabricate microstructured surfaces on plastics and elastomers for designable physical properties such as wetting and adhesions. However, it remains a big challenge to construct high-aspect-ratio microstructures on the surface of hydrogels due to the difficulty in demolding from the gel with low strength and stiffness. Demonstrated here is the engineering of tough hydrogels by soft-lithography to form well-defined micropillars. The mechanical properties of poly(acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogels with dense hydrogen-bond associations severely depend on temperature, with Young's modulus increasing from 8.1 MPa at 15 °C to 821.8 MPa at -30 °C, enabling easy demolding at low temperatures. Arrays of micropillars are maintained on the surface of the gel, and can be used at room temperature when the gel restores soft and stretchable. The hydrogel also exhibits good shape-memory property, favoring tailoring the morphology with a switchable tilt angle of micropillars. Consequently, the hydrogel shows tunable wetting and adhesion properties, as manifested by varying contact angles and adhesion strengths. These surface properties can also be tuned by geometry and arrangement of micropillars. This facile strategy by harnessing tunable viscoelasticity of supramolecular hydrogels should be applicable to other soft materials, and broaden their applications in biomedical and engineering fields.

Different machine learning methods based on maxillary sinus in sex estimation for northwestern Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Sex estimation is a critical aspect of forensic expertise. Some special anatomical structures, such as the maxillary sinus, can still maintain integrity in harsh environmental conditions and may be served as a basis for sex estimation. Due to the complex nature of sex estimation, several studies have been conducted using different machine learning algorithms to improve the accuracy of sex prediction from anatomical measurements. MATERIAL & METHODS: In this study, linear data of the maxillary sinus in the population of northwest China by using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) were collected and utilized to develop logistic, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) models for sex estimation with R 4.3.1. CBCT images from 477 samples of Han population (75 males and 81 females, aged 5-17 years; 162 males and 159 females, aged 18-72) were used to establish and verify the model. Length (MSL), width (MSW), height (MSH) of both the left and right maxillary sinuses and distance of lateral wall between two maxillary sinuses (distance) were measured. 80% of the data were randomly picked as the training set and others were testing set. Besides, these samples were grouped by age bracket and fitted models as an attempt. RESULTS: Overall, the accuracy of the sex estimation for individuals over 18 years old on the testing set was 77.78%, with a slightly higher accuracy rate for males at 78.12% compared to females at 77.42%. However, accuracy of sex estimation for individuals under 18 was challenging. In comparison to logistic, KNN and SVM, RF exhibited higher accuracy rates. Moreover, incorporating age as a variable improved the accuracy of sex estimation, particularly in the 18-27 age group, where the accuracy rate increased to 88.46%. Meanwhile, all variables showed a linear correlation with age. CONCLUSION: The linear measurements of the maxillary sinus could be a valuable tool for sex estimation in individuals aged 18 and over. A robust RF model has been developed for sex estimation within the Han population residing in the northwestern region of China. The accuracy of sex estimation could be higher when age is used as a predictive variable.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin 4 ameliorates diabetes-associated vascular calcification by regulating mitophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification (VC) is a complication in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Osteogenic phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in diabetes-related VC. Mitophagy can inhibit phenotype switching in VSMCs. This study aimed to investigate the role of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin 4 (EX4) in mitophagy-induced phenotype switching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The status of VC in T2DM mice was monitored using Von Kossa and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining in mouse aortic tissue. Human aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured in high glucose (HG) and ß-glycerophosphate (ß-GP) conditioned medium. Accumulation of LC3B and p62 was detected in the mitochondrial fraction. The effect of EX4 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by knocking down AMPKα1. RESULTS: In diabetic VC mice, EX4 decreased the percentage of von Kossa/ARS positive area. EX4 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of HG/ß-GP-induced VSMCs. In HG/ß-GP-induced VSMCs, the number of mitophagosomes was increased, whereas the addition of EX4 restored mitochondrial function, increased the number of mitophagosome-lysosome fusions, and reduced p62 in mitochondrial frictions. EX4 increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα (Thr172) and ULK1 (Ser555) in HG/ß-GP-induced VSMCs. After knockdown of AMPKα1, ULK1 could not be activated by EX4. The accumulation of LC3B and p62 could not be reduced after AMPKα1 knockdown. Knockdown of AMPKα1 negated the therapeutic effects of EX4 on VC of diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: EX4 could promote mitophagy by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, attenuate insufficient mitophagy, and thus inhibit the osteogenic phenotype switching of VSMCs.

Combining fecal 16 S rRNA sequencing and spinal cord metabolomics analysis to explain the modulatory effect of PPARα on neuropathic pain.

BACKGROUND: Existing evidence suggests that the composition of the gut microbiota is associated with neuropathic pain (NP), but the mechanistic link is elusive. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has been shown to be a pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, and its expression is also involved in inflammatory regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the important modulatory effects of PPARα on gut microbiota and spinal cord metabolites in mice subjected to chronic constriction injury. METHODS: We analyzed fecal microbiota and spinal cord metabolic alterations in mice from the sham, CCI, GW7647 (PPARα agonist) and GW6471 (PPARα antagonist) groups by 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis. On this basis, the intestinal microbiota and metabolites that were significantly altered between treatment groups were analyzed in a combined multiomics analysis. We also investigated the effect of PPARα on the polarization fractionation of spinal microglia. RESULTS: PPARα agonist significantly reduce paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency, while PPARα antagonist significantly increase paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing showed that intraperitoneal injection of GW7647 or GW6471 significantly altered the abundance, homogeneity and composition of the gut microbiome. Analysis of the spinal cord metabolome showed that the levels of spinal cord metabolites were shifted after exposure to GW7647 or GW6471. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota were significantly associated with the abundance of various spinal cord metabolites. The abundance of Licheniformes showed a significant positive correlation with nicotinamide, benzimidazole, eicosanoids, and pyridine abundance. Immunofluorescence results showed that intraperitoneal injection of GW7647 or GW6471 altered microglial activation and polarization levels. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that PPARα can promote M2-type microglia polarization, as well as alter gut microbiota and metabolites in CCI mice. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanism of PPARα in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Closed Twisted Hydrogel Ribbons with Self-Sustained Motions under Static Light Irradiation.

Self-sustained motions are widespread in biological systems by harvesting energy from surrounding environments, which inspire scientists to develop autonomous soft robots. However, most-existing soft robots require dynamic heterogeneous stimuli or complex fabrication with different components. Recently, control of topological geometry has been promising to afford soft robots with physical intelligence and thus life-like motions. Reported here are a series of closed twisted ribbon robots, which exhibit self-sustained flipping and rotation under constant light irradiation. Both Möbius strip and Seifert ribbon robots are devised for the first time by using an identical hydrogel, which responds to light irradiation on either side. Experiment and simulation results indicate that the self-regulated motions of the hydrogel robots are related to fast and reversible response of muscle-like gel, self-shadowing effect, and topology-facilitated refresh of light-exposed regions. The motion speeds and directions of the hydrogel robots can be tuned over a wide range. These closed twisted ribbon hydrogels are further applied to execute specific tasks in aqueous environments, such as collecting plastic balls, climbing a vertical rod, and transporting objects. This work presents new design principle for autonomous hydrogel robots by benefiting from material response and topology geometry, which may be inspirative for the robotics community.

Ripretinib inhibits HIV-1 transcription through modulation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR.

Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in prolonging the lifespan of individuals infected with HIV-1, it does not offer a cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The "block and lock" approach aims to maintain the provirus in a state of extended transcriptional arrest. By employing the "block and lock" strategy, researchers endeavor to impede disease progression by preventing viral rebound for an extended duration following patient stops receiving ART. The crux of this strategy lies in the utilization of latency-promoting agents (LPAs) that are suitable for impeding HIV-1 provirus transcription. However, previously documented LPAs exhibited limited efficacy in primary cells or samples obtained from patients, underscoring the significance of identifying novel LPAs that yield substantial outcomes. In this study, we performed high-throughput screening of FDA-approved compound library in the J-Lat A2 cell line to discover more efficacious LPAs. We discovered ripretinib being an LPA candidate, which was validated and observed to hinder proviral activation in cell models harboring latent infections, as well as CD4+ T cells derived from infected patients. We demonstrated that ripretinib effectively impeded proviral activation through inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in the HIV-1 latent cells, thereby suppressing the opening states of cellular chromatin. The results of this research offer a promising drug candidate for the implementation of the "block and lock" strategy in the pursuit of an HIV-1 cure.

Selective Cleavage of α-Olefins to Produce Acetylene and Hydrogen.

Acetylene production from mixed α-olefins emerges as a potentially green and energy-efficient approach with significant scientific value in the selective cleavage of C-C bonds. On the Pd(100) surface, it is experimentally revealed that C2 to C4 α-olefins undergo selective thermal cleavage to form surface acetylene and hydrogen. The high selectivity toward acetylene is attributed to the 4-fold hollow sites which are adept at severing the terminal double bonds in α-olefins to produce acetylene. A challenge arises, however, because acetylene tends to stay at the Pd(100) surface. By using the surface alloying methodology with alien Au, the surface Pd d-band center has been successfully shifted away from the Fermi level to release surface-generated acetylene from α-olefins as a gaseous product. Our study actually provides a technological strategy to economically produce acetylene and hydrogen from α-olefins.

[Risk factors for the failure of ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus]. / æœ‰è¡€æµåŠ¨åŠ›å­¦æ„ä¹‰çš„åŠ¨è„‰å¯¼ç®¡æœªé—­æ—©äº§å„¿å¸ƒæ´›èŠ¬æ²»ç–—å¤±è´¥çš„å±é™©å› ç´ åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for the failure of ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA). METHODS: A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks who were diagnosed with hsPDA and treated at the Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2018 to June 2023. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the treatment approach: the ibuprofen group (95 cases) and the ibuprofen plus surgery group (44 cases). The risk factors for the failure of ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants with hsPDA were identified by binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased diameter of the ductus arteriosus, a resistance index (RI) value of the middle cerebral artery ≥0.80, and prolonged total invasive mechanical ventilation time were risk factors for the failure of ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants with hsPDA (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a ductus arteriosus diameter >2.85 mm, a middle cerebral artery RI value ≥0.80, and a total invasive mechanical ventilation time >16 days had significant predictive value for the failure of ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants with hsPDA (P<0.05). The combined predictive value of these three factors was the highest, with an area under the curve of 0.843, a sensitivity of 86.5%, and a specificity of 75.0% (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A ductus arteriosus diameter >2.85 mm, a middle cerebral artery RI value ≥0.80, and a total invasive mechanical ventilation time >16 days are risk factors for the failure of ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants with hsPDA, and they are of significant predictive value for the necessity of surgical treatment following the failure of ibuprofen treatment.