Comparison of dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar with general purpose mycological media for enumerating food spoilage yeasts.

Dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar was originally developed to enumerate xerophilic foodborne moulds. However, some laboratories are using DG18 agar as a general medium to enumerate foodborne moulds and yeasts. A collaborative study, with the participation of seven laboratories, was undertaken to compare DG18 agar with dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar, tryptone glucose yeast extract chloramphenicol (TGYC) agar, and plate count agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (PCAC) for enumerating 14 species of common food spoilage yeasts. Comparison of the mean values of populations of all yeasts recovered on each medium revealed no significant differences among DRBC agar, PCAC, and TGYC agar, while each of these media supported the development of significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher numbers of colonies than DG18 agar. However, differences were only 0.08 to 0.10 log10 cfu/ml, making the practical significance questionable. The overall coefficient of variation (CV) for within laboratory repeatability was 1.71%, while the CV for reproducibility of counts obtained among laboratories was 6.96%. Compared to DRBC agar, TGYC agar, and PCAC, yeast colonies were smaller on DG18 agar. Growth of Brettanomyces anomalus, Cryptococcus albidus, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was particularly retarded or inhibited on DG18 agar. Based on the performance of media in supporting colony development and ease of counting colonies, the use of DG18 agar as a general enumeration medium for foodborne yeasts cannot be recommended.

Description of Saccharomyces turicensis sp. nov., a new species from kefyr.

The new species Saccharomyces turicensis sp. nov. isolated from different kefyr grains is described. Although its morphological properties differ, its physiological characteristics come close to those of Saccharomyces bayanus Saccardo and Saccharomyces pastorianus Reess ex E. C. Hansen. However, electrophoretic karyotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region yield clear differences. Sequences (270 nucleotides) of the D2 domain at the 5'-terminal end of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene reveal 98.0% identity with Saccharomyces exiguus. Since strains of a particular yeast species usually show less than 1% substitution in the D2 domain, the yeast in question is considered to be a new species. The name Saccharomyces turicensis is proposed indicating the place Zürich (Turicum in Latin) where the yeast had been isolated.