The Mechanism of miR-1294 Targeting SOX15 to Regulate Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway and Promote the Proliferation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Children / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of abnormal miRNA expression on the proliferation of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#15 children with ALL and 15 healthy subjects were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from July 2018 to March 2021. MiRNA sequencing was performed on their bone marrow cells, and validated using qRT-PCR. MiR-1294 and miR-1294-inhibitory molecule (miR-1294-inhibitor) were transfected into Nalm-6 cells, and the proliferation of Nalm-6 cells was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Western blot and ELISA were used to detect apoptosis of Nalm-6 cells. Biological prediction of miR-1294 was performed to find the target gene, which was verified by luciferase reporter assay. Si-SOX15 was transfected into Nalm-6 cells, Western blot was used to detect the expression of Wnt signaling pathway-related proteins and to verify the effect of si-SOX15 on the proliferation and apoptosis of Nalm-6 cells.@*RESULTS@#Compared with healthy subjects, 22 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in bone marrow cells of ALL patients, of which miR-1294 was the most significantly upregulated. In addition, the expression level of SOX15 gene was significantly reduced in bone marrow cells of ALL patients. Compared with the NC group, the miR-1294 group showed increased protein expression levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin, faster cell proliferation, and more colony-forming units, while caspase-3 protein expression level and cell apoptosis were reduced. Compared with the NC group, the miR-1294-inhibitor group showed reduced protein expression levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin, slower cell proliferation, and fewer colony-forming units, while caspase-3 protein expression level was increased and apoptosis rate was elevated. miR-1294 had a complementary base-pair with the 3'UTR region of SOX15 , and miR-1294 directly targeted SOX15 . The expression of miR-1294 was negatively correlated with SOX15 in ALL cells. Compared with the si-NC group, the si-SOX15 group showed increased protein expression levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin, accelerated cell proliferation, and decreased caspase-3 protein expression level and cell apoptosis rate.@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-1294 can target and inhibit SOX15 expression, thus activating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of ALL cells, inhibit cell apoptosis, and ultimately affect the disease progression.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Significance of BCOR/BCORL1 Gene Mutation in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with BCOR/BCORL1 mutation.@*METHODS@#The clinical characteristics of 135 patients diagnosed as de novo MDS in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2015 to September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect 34 kinds of myeloid-tumor-related gene in MDS patients. The clinical characteristics of BCOR/BCORL1 mutation and its effect to progression-free survival(PSF) and overall survival (OS) in MDS patients were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among MDS patients, BCOR/BCORL1 mutation was found in 34(25.2%) patients, including 16(11.9%) BCOR mutation and 18(13.3%) BCORL1 mutation. Patients with BCOR/BCORL1 mutation were more common in women and showed lower neutrophil count ［0.75(0.08-22.20) vs 1.27(0.06-35.71)×10@*CONCLUSION@#BCOR/BCORL1 mutation is more common in MDS patients and often company with other genes co-mutations. BCOR/BCORL1 mutation is not associated with disease progression and AML transformation in MDS patients, but it predicts poor overall survival.

Few-mode fibre-optic microwave photonic links.

The fibre-optic microwave photonic link has become one of the basic building blocks for microwave photonics. Increasing the optical power at the receiver is the best way to improve all link performance metrics including gain, noise figure and dynamic range. Even though lasers can produce and photodetectors can receive optical powers on the order of a Watt or more, the power-handling capability of optical fibres is orders-of-magnitude lower. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate the use of few-mode fibres to bridge this power-handling gap, exploiting their unique features of small acousto-optic effective area, large effective areas of optical modes, as well as orthogonality and walk-off among spatial modes. Using specially designed few-mode fibres, we demonstrate order-of-magnitude improvements in link performances for single-channel and multiplexed transmission. This work represents the first step in few-mode microwave photonics. The spatial degrees of freedom can also offer other functionalities such as large, tunable delays based on modal dispersion and wavelength-independent lossless signal combining, which are indispensable in microwave photonics.

Time-division-multiplexed few-mode passive optical network.

We demonstrate the first few-mode-fiber based passive optical network, effectively utilizing mode multiplexing to eliminate combining loss for upstream traffic. Error-free performance has been achieved for 20-km low-crosstalk 3-mode transmission in a commercial GPON system carrying live Ethernet traffic. The alternative approach of low modal group delay is also analyzed with simulation results over 10 modes.

Multi-channel nonlinearity compensation of PDM-QPSK signals in dispersion-managed transmission using dispersion-folded digital backward propagation.

We demonstrate nonlinearity compensation of 37.5-GHz-spaced 128-Gb/s PDM-QPSK signals using dispersion-folded digital-backward-propagation and a spectrally-sliced receiver that simultaneously receives three WDM signals, showing mitigation of intra-channel and inter-channel nonlinear effects in a 2560-km dispersion-managed TWRS-fiber link. Intra-channel and adjacent inter-channel nonlinear compensation gains when WDM channels are fully populated in the C-band are estimated based on the GN-model.

Adaptive frequency-domain equalization for the transmission of the fundamental mode in a few-mode fiber.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate single-carrier adaptive frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) to mitigate multipath interference (MPI) for the transmission of the fundamental mode in a few-mode fiber. The FDE approach reduces computational complexity significantly compared to the time-domain equalization (TDE) approach while maintaining the same performance. Both FDE and TDE methods are evaluated by simulating long-haul fundamental-mode transmission using a few-mode fiber. For the fundamental mode operation, the required tap length of the equalizer depends on the differential mode group delay (DMGD) of a single span rather than DMGD of the entire link.

Supermodes for optical transmission.

In this paper, the concept of supermode is introduced for long-distance optical transmission systems. The supermodes exploit coupling between the cores of a multi-core fiber, in which the core-to-core distance is much shorter than that in conventional multi-core fiber. The use of supermodes leads to a larger mode effective area and higher mode density than the conventional multi-core fiber. Through simulations, we show that the proposed coupled multi-core fiber allows lower modal dependent loss, mode coupling and differential modal group delay than few-mode fibers. These properties suggest that the coupled multi-core fiber could be a good candidate for both spatial division multiplexing and single-mode operation.

Group delay dispersion measurement of a dispersive mirror by spectral interferometry: comparison of different signal processing algorithms.

We built a dispersive white-light spectral interferometer for precisely measuring the dispersion properties of a multilayer thin-film structure. A novel algorithm with improved robustness to measurement errors is presented by combining a windowed Fourier transformation with wavelet-based differentiation. Compared with previously published algorithms, this method shows substantial resistance to measurement errors. The group delay dispersion properties of bulk materials and a homemade chirped mirror are measured by our apparatus, and the measurement result manifests considerable accuracy and robustness. The technique shows reasonable potential for the characterization of ultrabroadband chirped mirrors.