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1.
Heliyon ; 10(7): e28792, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38586407

RESUMO

Background: Physical activity (PA) is widely recommended for preventing and combating obesity, but the most effective PA pattern for treating obesity remains unclear. Cardiometabolic index (CMI), derived from waist height ratio and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, is a novel indicator for evaluating obesity. However, the relationship between different PA patterns and CMI remains unelucidated. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between different PA patterns and CMI in U.S. adults. Methods: Participants with complete information in CMI, PA patterns, and other covariates in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (2007-2016) were included in this study. Multivariate linear regression models were utilized to explore the relationship between PA patterns and CMI. Moreover, stratified analyses, interaction tests and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis were used to investigate the stability and nonlinearity of the association, respectively. Results: A total of 16,442 adults were included in this study. After adjusting for all potential covariates, only the regularly active group was significantly associated with CMI reduction (ß = -0.13, 95% CI: 0.19 to -0.07, P < 0.0001), while the weekend warriors group did not achieve equivalent CMI reduction (ß = -0.09, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.14, P = 0.4204). Subgroup analyses and interaction tests revealed that the CMI-PA association was more pronounced in the subgroup with age≤45 or >60, with higher education level, and who are current drinkers. Furthermore, RCS analysis indicated that total PA in a week was significantly, nonlinearly associated with CMI in non-inactive adults, and that a total of PA more than 330 min can reap favorable CMI reduction. Conclusion: Being regularly active is associated with significant CMI reduction, while being weekend warriors and insufficiently active do not achieve equivalent benefits. For non-inactive individuals, engaging in PA for more than 330 min weekly helps to reduce CMI effectively.

2.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 14(5): 383-400, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32240595

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor type which results in poor prognosis. ALBI and Child-Pugh score have been widely applied for predicting prognosis in patients with liver diseases. We conducted a systematic review to compare the prognostic ability of ALBI versus Child-Pugh in HCC patients. AREAS COVERED: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were explored. The data were extracted from every study. Studies investigating HCC patients and comparing the predicting ability between ALBI and Child-Pugh were analyzed. EXPERT OPINION: This systematic review revealed that ALBI showed better discriminative ability than Child-Pugh for predicting the prognosis in HCC patients. However, the predictive abilities of two scores should be improved. Except for the most common used serum biomarker AFP for diagnosis and surveillance of HCC, recent studies have also explored all aspects of HCC through genome-wide sequencing, exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and genome-wide methylation analysis which provide essential clues for genotyping of HCC. Further studies should explore biomarkers by advanced techniques to validate new prognostic tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Moreover, multicenter prospective studies should be carried out to compare the prognostic values of predictive indicators in HCC population in the future.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Ascite/diagnóstico , Ascite/etiologia , Bilirrubina/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Progressão da Doença , Hepatectomia/efeitos adversos , Hepatectomia/mortalidade , Encefalopatia Hepática/diagnóstico , Encefalopatia Hepática/etiologia , Humanos , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado , Falência Hepática/etiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Prognóstico , Albumina Sérica/análise , Análise de Sobrevida
3.
J Cancer ; 10(22): 5597-5607, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31632504

RESUMO

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is an acquired condition in which normal squamous epithelium is replaced with metaplastic columnar epithelium as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. BE is known as a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Currently, the molecular mechanism underlying epithelial metaplasia in BE patients remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) signaling in the initiation of BE-associated metaplasia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to create a surgical model of bile reflux injury. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze human and mouse esophageal specimens. Human esophageal squamous epithelial (HET-1A) cells were treated with bile acid and used in transfection experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of KLF5, CDX2, MUC2 and villin. Epithelial tissue from both the rat BE model and human BE patients strongly expressed KLF5, CDX2, MUC2, and villin. Bile acid treatment also increased the expression of KLF5, CDX2, MUC2 and villin in esophageal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF5 blocked the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and villin, but transfection of a KLF5 expression vector into esophageal epithelial cells promoted their transdifferentiation into columnar-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of the intestinal markers CDX2, MUC2 and villin. Thus, in addition to its function as a transcription factor, KLF5 may be linked to an increased risk of BE development.

4.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 12(5): 503-513, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29629626

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is widely used to assess inflammatory diseases. We performed a systematic review to explore the prognostic role of NLR for the assessment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Areas covered: We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for the eligible papers which explored the association between NLR and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis or investigated the prognostic value of NLR in cirrhotic patients. Expert commentary: In accordance with assessment of liver fibrosis stage, we classified papers into four subgroups by etiology. For the patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) there was a significant association between NLR and fibrosis stage and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS), while NLR had a negative correlation with fibrosis stage for the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). As for the patients with and chronic hepatitis C (CHC), NLR might not be significantly associated with fibrosis stage. Moreover, NLR seemed to be significantly useful for predicting outcomes in cirrhotic patients. Hence, NLR might be associated with liver fibrosis stage, especially in patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, NLR might be a useful biomarker for evaluating the prognosis in cirrhotic patients.


Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Linfócitos , Neutrófilos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Exp Mol Pathol ; 101(2): 259-266, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27693253

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic lesion. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of KLF4 and BMP4 in the pathogenesis of Barrett's epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse the expression of KLF4, BMP4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5AC in human esophageal specimens. Human esophageal squamous epithelial cells were subjected to bile acid treatment and used in transfection experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of KLF4, BMP4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac. RESULTS: In human tissues, Barrett's epithelium strongly expressed BMP4, p-Smad1/5/8 and KLF4. Furthermore, bile acids increased the expression of BMP4, KLF4, p-Smad1/5/8, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac in esophageal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that BMP4 up-regulated the expression of KLF4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac, but Noggin, a specific BMP4 antagonist, can block the expression of KLF4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac induced by BMP4. However, BMP4 cannot induce the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac in cells with KLF4 siRNA, and Noggin cannot block the expression of KLF4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac in cells transfected with the KLF4 expression vector. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that BMP4 promotes a phenotype change of an esophageal squamous epithelium via up-regulation of KLF4.


Assuntos
Esôfago de Barrett/patologia , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/metabolismo , Esôfago/patologia , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Regulação para Cima , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Ácido Desoxicólico , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucinas/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo
6.
Cell Cycle ; 15(11): 1439-49, 2016 06 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27096226

RESUMO

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is essentially a metaplasia in which the normal stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium. This study focuses on the involvement of OCT4 and SOX2, 2 key cell-reprogramming factors, in the deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced expression of the intestinal hallmarks Cdx2 and MUC2 using both in vivo and in vitro models. Up-regulated expression of OCT4 and down-regulated expression of SOX2 were observed in BE compared with normal esophagus and esophagitis. Consistent with the data in vivo, DCA induced time-dependent expression of OCT4 at both the mRNA and protein levels and decreased nuclear expression of SOX2 in Het-1A cells. Down-regulation of OCT4 expression by siRNA abrogated DCA-induced expression of Cdx2 and MUC2, whereas siRNA against SOX2 significantly upregulated the expression of both Cdx2 and MUC2. Our data indicate that both OCT4 and SOX2 play important roles in the development of BE triggered by bile acid reflux.


Assuntos
Ácido Desoxicólico/farmacologia , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genética , Animais , Esôfago de Barrett/induzido quimicamente , Esôfago de Barrett/genética , Esôfago de Barrett/metabolismo , Esôfago de Barrett/patologia , Fator de Transcrição CDX2/genética , Fator de Transcrição CDX2/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Reprogramação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Reprogramação Celular/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Esofagite/genética , Esofagite/metabolismo , Esofagite/patologia , Esôfago/citologia , Esôfago/efeitos dos fármacos , Esôfago/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Mucina-2/genética , Mucina-2/metabolismo , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/metabolismo , Fenótipo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/patologia
7.
World J Gastroenterol ; 20(46): 17588-94, 2014 Dec 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25516674

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the prevalence, demographic, clinical and histopathologic features of heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) in Chinese patients. METHODS: Patients referred to three endoscopy units were enrolled in this study. The macroscopic characteristics of HGM were documented. Biopsies were obtained and observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Helicobacter pylori colonization was examined by Whartin-Starry staining. RESULTS: HGM was observed in 420 Chinese patients, yielding a prevalence of 0.4%. The majority of patients had a single patch (300/420; 71.4%), while the remainder had two (84/420; 20%) or multiple patches (36/420; 8.6%). The size of the patches and the distance from the patch to the frontal incisor teeth varied significantly. The large majority of HGM patches were flat (393/420; 93.6%), whereas the remaining patches were slightly elevated. The primary histological characteristic was fundic-type (216/420; 51.4%) within the HGM patch, and antral- (43/420; 10.2%) and transitional-type (65/420; 15.5%) mucosa were also observed. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 3.1% (13/420) and the prevalence of dysplasia was 1.4% (6/420), indicating the necessity for endoscopic follow-up in patients with HGM. Esophageal and extraesophageal complaints were also observed in patients with HGM. Dysphagia and epigastric discomfort (odds ratios: 6.836 and 115.826, respectively; Ps < 0.05) were independent risk factors for HGM. CONCLUSION: Clinical complaints should be considered to improve the detection rate of HMG. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia also indicates a need for endoscopic follow-up.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Coristoma/etnologia , Doenças do Esôfago/etnologia , Mucosa Gástrica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , China/epidemiologia , Coristoma/microbiologia , Coristoma/patologia , Doenças do Esôfago/microbiologia , Doenças do Esôfago/patologia , Esofagoscopia , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/etnologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Metaplasia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
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