Predictors, clinical impact, and management strategies for conduction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: an updated review.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has increasingly become a safe, feasible, and widely accepted alternative surgical treatment for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. However, the incidence of conduction abnormalities associated with TAVR, including left bundle branch block (LBBB) and high-degree atrioventricular block (HAVB), remains high and is often correlated with risk factors such as the severity of valvular calcification, preexisting conditions in patients, and procedural factors. The existing research results on the impact of post-TAVR conduction abnormalities and permanent pacemaker (PPM) requirements on prognosis, including all-cause mortality and rehospitalization, remain contradictory, with varied management strategies for post-TAVR conduction system diseases across different institutions. This review integrates the latest research in the field, offering a comprehensive discussion of the mechanisms, risk factors, consequences, and management of post-TAVR conduction abnormalities. This study provides insights into optimizing patient prognosis and explores the potential of novel strategies, such as conduction system pacing, to minimize the risk of adverse clinical outcomes.

A Victorivirus from Fusarium asiaticum, the pathogen of Fusarium head blight in China.

A Victorivirus was detected in isolate F16176 of the fungus Fusarium asiaticum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight in China. The full genome sequence of the virus was sequenced and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence is 5,281 nucleotides long with 64.2% G + C content and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) that overlap at the pentanucleotide UAAUG. The two ORFs are predicted to encode coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which are conserved among the dsRNA mycoviruses of the genus Victorivirus. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of RdRp indicated that this dsRNA mycovirus is a new virus belonging to the species Rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 in the family Totiviridae. This study is the first to report a full-length genomic sequence of a putative member of the genus Victorivirus in F. asiaticum.

Fitness of three chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum species complex in major winter wheat-producing areas of China.

In China, Fusarium head blight is caused mainly by the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), which produces trichothecene toxins. The FGSC is divided into three chemotypes: 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and nivalenol (NIV). In order to predict the geographical changes in the distribution of these chemotype populations in major winter wheat-producing areas in China, the biological characteristics of twenty randomly selected isolates from each of the three chemotypes were studied. No significant difference was exhibited in the growth rate of 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and NIV isolates at 15°C. At 20°C and 25°C, the growth rate of 15-ADON isolates was the highest. At 30°C, the growth rate of NIV and 3-ADON isolates was significantly higher than that of 15-ADON isolates. The 15-ADON isolates produced the highest quantities of perithecia and two to three days earlier than the other two populations at each temperature, and released more ascospores at 18°C. The aggressiveness test on wheat seedlings and ears indicated there was no significant difference between the 3-ADON and 15-ADON isolates. However, the aggressiveness of NIV isolates was significantly lower than that of the 3-ADON and 15-ADON isolates. The DON content in grains from heads inoculated with the 3-ADON isolates was higher than the content of 15-ADON and NIV isolates. The results showed that 15-ADON population had the advantage in perithecia formation and ascospore release, and the 3-ADON population produced more DON in wheat grains. We suggested that distribution of these three chemotype populations may be related to these biological characteristics.