[Clinical effect of allogeneic peroneal bone marrow support combined with plate fixation for the treatment of Neer type â £ proximal humeral fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of allogeneic peroneal bone marrow support combined with plate internal fixation in treating Neer type Ⅳproximal humeral fractures. METHODS: From December 2017 to December 2020,12 patients with Neer type Ⅳ proximal humeral fractures were treated with allogeneic peroneal bone marrow support combined with plate internal fixation,including 7 males and 5 females,aged from 56 to 78 years old;the time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to7 days. Operative time,fracture healing time and complications during follow-up were observed,and clinical efficacy was evaluated by Constant-Murley score at the latest follow-up. RESULTS: All patients were obtained follow up for 20 to 29 months. All patients got bone healing and incisicons were healed at stageⅠ,operative time ranged from 95 to 138 min,blood loss ranged from 210 to 275 ml,fracture healing time ranged from 14 to 18 weeks. Two patients occurred postoperative shoulder stiffness and recovered after 2 weeks of passive exercise. There were no complications such as infection,poor wound healing,and failure (fracture and loosening) of internal fixators occurred. Constant-Murley shoulder function score ranged from 69 to 89 at the latest follow up,2 patients got excellent results,9 good and 1 fair. CONCLUSION: The application of allogeneic fibular bone marrow placement could provide effective support for medial humerus,which is conducive to assisting reduction of fracture end,reducing occurrence of internal fixation failure caused by collapse of humerus head and screw perforation,and significantly improving function of shoulder joint.

Novel prognostic model predicts overall survival in colon cancer based on RNA splicing regulation gene expression.

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Dysregulated RNA splicing factors have been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and development in colon cancer. In this study, we interrogated clinical and RNA expression data of colon cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Genes regulating RNA splicing correlated with survival in colon cancer were identified and a risk score model was constructed using Cox regression analyses. In the risk model, RNA splicing factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PPARGC1) is correlated with a good survival outcome, whereas Cdc2-like kinase 1(CLK1), CLK2, and A-kinase anchor protein 8-like (AKAP8L) with a bad survival outcome. The risk model has a good performance for clinical prognostic prediction both in the TCGA cohort and the other two validation cohorts. In the tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis, the immune score was higher in the low-risk group, and TME-related pathway gene expression was also higher in low-risk group. We further verified the mRNA and protein expression levels of these four genes in the adjacent nontumor, tumor, and liver metastasis tissues of colon cancer patients, which were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. In addition, knockdown of AKAP8L can suppress the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. Animal studies have also shown that AKAP8L knockdown can inhibit tumor growth in colon cancer in vivo. We established a prognostic risk model for colon cancer based on genes related to RNA splicing regulation and uncovered the role of AKAP8L in promoting colon cancer progression.

Lycophyte transcriptomes reveal two whole-genome duplications in Lycopodiaceae: Insights into the polyploidization of Phlegmariurus.

Lycophytes are an ancient clade of the non-flowering vascular plants with chromosome numbers that vary from tens to hundreds. They are an excellent study system for examining whole-genome duplications (WGDs), or polyploidization, in spore-dispersed vascular plants. However, a lack of genome sequence data limits the reliable detection of very ancient WGDs, small-scale duplications (SSDs), and recent WGDs. Here, we integrated phylogenomic analysis and the distribution of synonymous substitutions per synonymous sites (Ks) of the transcriptomes of 13 species of lycophytes to identify, locate, and date multiple WGDs in the lycophyte family Lycopodiaceae. Additionally, we examined the genus Phlegmariurus for signs of genetic discordance, which can provide valuable insight into the underlying causes of such conflict (e.g., hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, or horizontal gene transfer).We found strong evidence that two WGD events occurred along the phylogenetic backbone of Lycopodiaceae, with one occurring in the common ancestor of extant Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae) approximately 22-23 million years ago (Mya) and the other occurring in the common ancestor of Lycopodiaceae around 206-214 Mya. Interestingly, we found significant genetic discordance in the genus Phlegmariurus, indicating that the genus has a complex evolutionary history. This study provides molecular evidence for multiple WGDs in Lycopodiaceae and offers phylogenetic clues to the evolutionary history of Lycopodiaceae.

[Expression of Glutathione Peroxidases and Its Effect on Clinical Prognosis in Glioma Patients].

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of glutathione peroxidase(GPX)genes and the clinical prognosis in glioma patients,and to construct and evaluate the model for predicting the prognosis of glioma. Methods The clinical information and GPX expression of 663 patients,including 153 patients of glioblastoma(GBM)and 510 patients of low-grade glioma(LGG),were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The relationship between GPX expression and patient survival was analyzed.The key GPX affecting the prognosis of glioma was screened out by single- and multi-factor Cox's proportional-hazards regression models and validated by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(Lasso)regression.Finally,we constructed the model for predicting the prognosis of glioma with the screening results and then used concordance index and calibration curve respectively to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of model. Results Compared with those in the control group,the expression levels of GPX1,GPX3,GPX4,GPX7,and GPX8 were up-regulated in glioma patients(all P<0.001).Moreover,the expression levels of other GPX except GPX3 were higher in GBM patients than in LGG patients(all P<0.001).The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the progression-free survival of GBM with high expression of GPX1(P=0.013)and GPX4(P=0.040),as well as the overall survival,disease-specific survival,and progression-free survival of LGG with high expression of GPX1,GPX7,and GPX8,was shortened(all P<0.001).GPX7 and GPX8 were screened out as the key factors affecting the prognosis of LGG.The results were further used to construct a nomogram model,which suggested GPX7 was the most important variable.The concordance index of the model was 0.843(95%CI=0.809-0.853),and the calibration curve showed that the predicted and actual results had good consistency. Conclusion GPX7 is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of LGG,and the nomogram model constructed with it can be used to predict the survival rate of LGG.

High AKAP8L expression predicts poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a severe disease with high mortality, and is associated with poor prognosis and frequent lymphatic metastasis. Therefore, prognostic indicators for ESCC are urgently needed. A-kinase anchor-protein 8-like (AKAP8L) is a member of the A kinase anchor-protein (AKAPs) family and is overexpressed in many cancers. However, the role of AKAP8L in ESCC remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression patterns and prognostic value of AKAP8L in ESCC. METHODS: The mRNA expression of AKAP8L was analyzed from the dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the AKAP8L expression in tissue microarray. Pearson's chi-square test was carried out for the correlation analysis of clinicopathological features and AKAP8L expression. The prognostic significance of clinicopathological features and AKAP8L expression was determined by univariate and multivariate Cox hazard models. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used for survival analysis. RESULTS: We found that the mRNA level of AKAP8L was higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent tissues in TCGA and GEO dataset. High AKAP8L expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients (p = 0.0039). Besides, AKAP8L expression was highly expressed in patients with lymph node metastasis detected by ESCC tissue microarray (p = 0.0014). The comparison of the different clinicopathological features of ESCC between high and low AKAP8L expression groups revealed that high AKAP8L expression was related to lymph node stage (p = 0.041). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high AKAP8L expression indicates an unfavorable progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in ESCC patients (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that AKAP8L was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS in ESCC (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that high expression of AKAP8L is associated with poor prognosis of ESCC and can be considered an independent risk factor for ESCC.

HIF-1α inhibition promotes the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

The response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy remains unsatisfactory in patients with NSCLC. Thus, combining ICIs with other potential modalities is of great significance to enhance the response of single drug alone. Here, we identified that HIF-1α inhibition was capable of promoting anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC. We applied NSCLC cell lines and mouse models to evaluate the synergy of combined HIF-1α inhibition and PD-1 blockade on tumor growth and the function of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Public datasets were utilized to investigate patients' prognosis based on expressions of HIF-1α and LOXL2 as well as EMT-associated markers and CD8+ TILs. Moreover, we explored the correlation between HIF-1α and LOXL2 levels and CD8+ TILs in tumor samples from patients with NSCLC by immunohistochemistry, as well as their association to patients' survival. In vitro, PX-478, an HIF-1α inhibitor, promoted tumor cell apoptosis induced by T cells when combined with ICIs. Furthermore, mice treated with PX-478 and anti-PD-1 antibodies exhibited a marked delay in tumor growth and prolonged survival, which correlated with increased TILs and granzyme B secretion. Besides, patients with high HIF-1α expression exhibited high levels of EMT-related markers and low TILs, indicating an immunosuppressive phenotype. Mechanistically, we observed that HIF-1α inhibition suppressed the EMT phenotypes induced by hypoxia and further alleviated tumor immunosuppression, which was related to blockage of HIF-1α/LOXL2 signaling pathway. In summary, we identified that HIF-1α inhibition could synergize with anti-PD-1 to impair tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that HIF-1α inhibitors represent a promising treatment to enhance anti-tumor immunity and provide preclinical rationale to evaluate the combination of ICIs with HIF-1α inhibition clinically in NSCLC.

Analysis of surveillance results of Aedes albopictus in Hainan, 2017-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To understand the density changes and seasonal fluctuation of larvae and adults of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province from 2017 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever and other vector-borne diseases in Hainan Province. Methods　The Breteau index method was used to monitor the larvae of Aedes mosquitoes, and the breeding sites of all small indoor and outdoor water containers and their larvae was checked and recorded. The adult mosquitoes were monitored by double lamination and light trap. Results　A total of 1 962 adult female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were captured in Hainan Province from 2017 to 2021, accounting for 2.17% of the total captured mosquitoes. There were significant differences in mosquito species composition in different habitats in different years (χ2=312.258, P<0.01). In 2017, the density of mosquitoes in livestock sheds was the highest (9.71 per lamp·night), but the composition ratio of Aedes albopictus was the lowest (1.29%). In 2020, the mosquito density in hospitals was the lowest (2.22 mosquitoes per lamp·night), and in 2019, the proportion of Aedes albopictus in residential areas and hospitals was the highest (3.27% on average).The mosquito density in different habitats was the lowest in 2020. The proportion of Aedes albopictus in residential areas and livestock sheds showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2021, while the proportion of other habitats showed significant fluctuations. The proportion of Aedes albopictus in hospitals showed an obvious decreasing trend in 2020. From 2017 to 2021, the average mosquito density was 5.97, 4.26, 3.82, 3.39 and 3.68 mosquitoes per lamp·night, respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year except 2021. Except for 2019, the lure index also showed a decreasing trend, with an average value of 1.5/(hour·net), showing a decreasing trend year by year. From 2017 to 2021, the annual average density of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province was 0.09 mosquitoes per lamp·night, showing obvious seasonal fluctuation. The Breteau index showed a slow decline from 2017 to 2021, and its annual peak was between June and August, which was 1-2 months later than the peak of adult mosquito density. Conclusions　The population density of Aedes albopictus in Hainan shows obvious seasonal characteristics. Mosquito control activities should be carried out according to the seasonal characteristics of mosquitoes to reduce the risk of dengue fever and other infectious diseases.

Gemcitabine and APG-1252, a novel small molecule inhibitor of BCL-2/BCL-XL, display a synergistic antitumor effect in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the JAK-2/STAT3/MCL-1 signaling pathway.

Advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a poor prognosis, with an unfavorable response to palliative chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there are few effective therapeutic regimens. Therefore, we require novel treatment strategies with enhanced efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of APG-1252-M1, a dual inhibitor of BCL-2/BCL-XL, as a single agent and combined with gemcitabine. We applied various apoptotic assays and used subcutaneous transplanted NPC model to assess the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Moreover, phospho-tyrosine kinase array was used to investigate the combined therapy's potential synergistic mechanism. In addition, further validation was performed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In vitro, we observed that APG-1252-M1 had moderate antitumor activity toward NPC cells; however, it markedly improved gemcitabine's ability to promote NPC cell apoptosis and suppress invasion, migration, and proliferation. Specifically, APG-1252 plus gemcitabine exhibited even remarkable antitumor activity in vivo. Mechanistically, the drug combination synergistically suppressed NPC by activating caspase-dependent pathways, blocking the phospho (p)-JAK-2/STAT3/MCL-1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, the results indicated that the combination of APG-1252 and gemcitabine has synergistic anticancer activities against NPC, providing a promising treatment modality for patients with NPC.

3×Tg-AD Mice Overexpressing Phospholipid Transfer Protein Improves Cognition Through Decreasing Amyloid-ß Production and Tau Hyperphosphorylation.

BACKGROUND: Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) belongs to the lipid transfer glycoprotein family. Studies have shown that it is closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the exact effect and mechanism remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of PLTP overexpression on behavioral dysfunction and the related mechanisms in APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic (3×Tg-AD) mice. METHODS: AAV-PLTP-EGFP was injected into the lateral ventricle to induce PLTP overexpression. The memory of 3×Tg-AD mice and wild type (WT) mice aged 10 months were assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle-box passive avoidance test (PAT). Western blotting and ELISA assays were used to quantify the protein contents. Hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and immunochemistry staining were utilized in observing the pathological changes in the brain. RESULTS: 3×Tg-AD mice displayed cognitive impairment in WMW and PAT, which was ameliorated by PLTP overexpression. The histopathological hallmarks of AD, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, were observed in 3×Tg-AD mice and were improved by PLTP overexpression. Besides, the increase of amyloid-ß42 (Aß42) and Aß40 were found in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 3×Tg-AD mice and reversed by PLTP overexpression through inhibiting APP and PS1. PLTP overexpression also reversed tau phosphorylation at the Ser404, Thr231 and Ser199 of the hippocampus in 3×Tg-AD mice. Furthermore, PLTP overexpression induced the glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) inactivation via upregulating GSK3ß (pSer9). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PLTP overexpression has neuroprotective effects. These effects are possibly achieved through the inhibition of the Aß production and tau phosphorylation, which is related to GSK3ß inactivation.

Dipterisshenzhenensis, a new endangered species of Dipteridaceae from Shenzhen, southern China.

Dipterisshenzhenensis, a new species of ferns from Shenzhen, Guangdong, southern China, is identified and described. It closely resembles D.chinensis but possesses several unique traits, such as long rhizome scales, castaneous stipe, and abaxially pale fronds with two fan-shaped fronds connected by a broad wing. Molecular evidence showed that D.shenzhenensis is allied to D.conjugata, whereas it has morphologically significant differences (P < 0.05) on the basis of quantitative trait statistical analysis. Overall, the morphological evidence, taken together with the result of cpDNA indicated that D.shenzhenensis is a distinct species.

Finding missing diversity from synonyms of Haplopteris (Pteridaceae).

Although taxonomists target the remote wild regions to discover new species, taxa lacking a comprehensive and modern systematic treatment may be the new hotspot for biodiversity discovery. The development of molecular systematics integrated with microscopic observation techniques has greatly improved the ability of taxonomists to identify species correctly. Vittariacentrochinensis Ching ex J.F. Cheng, regarded as a synonym of Haplopterisfudzinoi (Makino) E.H.Crane, remained hidden from the eyes of fern taxonomists for more than 20 years. Herein, we collected several population samples of V.centrochinensis by performing molecular phylogenetic analysis of five cpDNA regions (rbcL, atpA, matK, ndhF, and trnL-trnF) and through micromophological observation of specimens which differs from H.fudzinoi by lamina width and exospores. Considering the differences in morphology, geographical range, and genetic distance between these two species, we formally recognized V.centrochinensis as an authentic species and proposed a new combination Haplopteriscentrochinensis (Ching ex J.F.Cheng) Y.H.Yan, Z.Y.Wei & X.C.Zhang, comb. nov. Our findings demonstrate that several taxa in synonyms are missing, and nowadays taxonomy should also include re-evaluation of the past taxonomy.

Property-efficacy Relationship of Scutellariae Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma in Drying Dampness in Rats with Spleen-stomach Dampness-heat Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the difference in drying dampness between Scutellariae Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma in model rats with spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome and clarify their property-efficacy relationship. Method:Sixty-four healthy male SD rats were randomized into the blank group， model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Scutellariae Radix groups， as well as high-， medium-， and low-dose Atractylodis Rhizoma groups. The rats were exposed to high-fat and high-sugar diet and external dampness-heat environment for 20 days for inducing the spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome. The macroscopic manifestations of rats were observed and the morphological changes in stomach and colon were detected under a light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， followed by the calculation of pathological scores. The serum tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， and interferon-<italic>γ</italic> （IFN-<italic>γ</italic>） levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of aquaporin-4 （AQP4） in the gastric tissue were measured by Western blot and Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， respectively. Result:Rats in the model group presented with the manifestations of dampness-heat syndrome. The inflammatory reaction in stomach and colon was obvious， and the pathological score was significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The serum IFN-<italic>γ</italic>， IL-4， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> levels were elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and so were the AQP4 protein and mRNA expression levels in the gastric tissue except that there was no statistical difference. The clinical symptoms of rats in the medication groups were alleviated. Scutellariae Radix significantly relieved the gastric and colonic inflammation in model rats. Atractylodis Rhizoma inhibited the colonic inflammation in model rats to a certain extent， but it had no obvious effect on gastric inflammation. The pathological score of each Scutellariae Radix group was decreased. In terms of the pathological score of gastric tissue， only the high-dose Scutellariae Radix produced a significant difference （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the pathological scores of the three Atractylodis Rhizoma groups were not significantly different from that in the model group. As for the pathological score of colonic tissue， all the medication groups except for the low-dose Atractylodis Rhizoma group exhibited a significant difference in comparison with that of the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Scutellariae Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma at each dose reduced not only the serum IFN-<italic>γ</italic>， IL-4， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> levels （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， but also the AQP4 protein expression in gastric tissue of model rats （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The AQP4 mRNA expression in the gastric tissue of model rats declined in the high- and low-dose Scutellariae Radix groups， while that in the medium-dose Scutellariae Radix group and each Atractylodis Rhizoma group rose without statistical difference. Conclusion:Scutellariae Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma display a certain property-efficacy relationship in drying dampness of rats with spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome. Specifically， the efficacy of drying dampness is related to their cold/heat property， and the resulting outcome of bitter-cold Scutellariae Radix is better than that of bitter-warm Atractylodis Rhizoma.

Chloride is beneficial for growth of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum by enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity under salt and drought stresses.

Chloride (Cl-) is pervasive in saline soils, and research on its influence on plants has mainly focused on its role as an essential nutrient and its toxicity when excessive accumulation occurs. However, the possible functions of Cl- in plants adapting to abiotic stresses have not been well documented. Previous studies have shown that the salt tolerance of the xerophytic species Pugionium cornutum might be related to high Cl- accumulation. In this study, we investigated the Cl--tolerant characteristics and possible physiological functions of Cl- in the salt tolerance and drought resistance of P. cornutum. We found that P. cornutum can accumulate a large amount of Cl- in its shoots, facilitating osmotic adjustment and turgor generation under saline conditions. Application of DIDS (4,4´-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2´-disulfonic acid), a blocker of anion channels, significantly inhibited Cl- uptake, and decreased both the Cl- content and its contribution to leaf osmotic adjustment, resulting in the exacerbation of growth inhibition in response to NaCl. Unlike glycophytes, P. cornutum was able to maintain NO3- homeostasis in its shoots when large amounts of Cl- were absorbed and accumulated. The addition of NaCl mitigated the deleterious effects of osmotic stress on P. cornutum because Cl- accumulation elicited a strong osmotic adjustment capacity. These findings suggest that P. cornutum is a Cl--tolerant species that can absorb and accumulate Cl- to improve growth under salt and drought stresses.

The synergistic effects of sodium and potassium on the xerophyte Apocynum venetum in response to drought stress.

Apocynum venetum is an eco-economic plant species with high adaptability to saline and arid environments. Our previous work has found that A. venetum could absorb large amount of Na+ and maintain high K+ level under saline conditions. To investigate whether K+ and Na+ could simultaneously enhance drought resistance in A. venetum, seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress (-0.2 MPa) in the presence or absence of additional 25 mM NaCl under low (0.01 mM) and normal (2.5 mM) K+ supplying conditions, respectively. The results showed that A. venetum should be considered as a typical K+-efficient species since its growth was unimpaired and possessed a strong K+ uptake and prominent K+ utilization efficiency under K+ deficiency condition. Leaf K+ concentration remained stable or was even significantly increased under osmotic stress in the presence or absence of NaCl, compared with that under control condition, regardless of whether the K+ supply was sufficient or not, and the contribution of K+ to leaf osmotic potential consistently exceeded 37%, indicating K+ is the uppermost contributor to osmotic adjustment of A. venetum. Under osmotic stress, the addition of 25 mM NaCl significantly increase Na+ accumulation in leaves and the contribution of Na+ to osmotic adjustment, thus improving the relative water content, concomitantly, promoting the photosynthetic activity resulting in an enhancement of overall plant growth. These findings suggested that, K+ and Na+ simultaneously play crucial roles in the osmotic adjustment and the maintenance of water status and photosynthetic activity, which is beneficial for A. venetum to cope with drought stress.

The comparison of hypertension prevalence among children based on different references of hypertension / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To compare the differences in the hypertension prevalence among children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou based on different references of hypertension. Methods A total of 7698 children aged 7-12 years old in Guangzhou were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Demographic information such as gender and age was collected by questionnaire. Children’s height, weight, and blood pressure were objectively measured. There were five references for diagnosing children’s hypertension: Mi 2010, Mi 2017, Ma 2017, America 2004, and America 2017 reference. Results Based on the references above, the prevalence of hypertension for children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou reached a very high level. The prevalence of hypertension, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) based on Mi 2017 reference were all higher than those based on Mi 2010 reference, but both of them were distinctly higher than Ma 2017 reference. Compared with Mi 2010 reference, the agreement of diagnosis of high SBP and high DBP were both higher for Mi 2017 than those for Ma 2017. The agreement of high SBP was higher between Mi 2017 and America 2017 than that between Ma 2017 and America 2017 (Kappa: 0.846 vs. 0.727). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou reachs a very high level. The prevalence of hypertension based on Mi 2017 reference is the highest and follows with America 2017 reference, and the agreement between them is excellent. Compared with Mi 2010 or America 2017 reference, the agreement for Ma 2017 is lower than that for Mi 2017 reference, respectively.

Salvianolic Acid B Suppresses Inflammatory Mediator Levels by Downregulating NF-κB in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid B (SB) is a major active phyto-component of the plant Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is traditionally used to treat joint pain and arthritis. The present study examined the anti-rheumatoid arthritis efficacy of SB on collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: Control rats treated with saline (Group I), rats subjected to CIA induction by intradermal injection of bovine collagen II type at the tail (Group II), and rats subjected to CIA and supplemented with either 20 or 40 mg/kg of SB for 28 days (group III or IV). RESULTS Paw swelling, edema, arthritis score, thymus and spleen indexes, and neutrophil infiltration were significantly decreased (p<0.01) by treatment with 20 or 40 mg/kg of SB. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1ß, -6, and -17, and TNF-α) and anti-collagen II-specific immunoglobulins (IgG1 and IgG2a) were markedly decreased (p<0.01), and those of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH) were significantly increased (p<0.01) in SB-treated rats. Administration with SB (20 or 40 mg/kg) resulted in lower phosphorylated IkB-a and NF-κB p65 protein levels and markedly downregulated IκB-a expression. Furthermore, CIA rats revealed the presence of highly diffused polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) infiltration with eroded cartilage; however, these phenomena were considerably ameliorated by SB. CONCLUSIONS SB alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in CIA rats, thus verifying its anti-rheumatoid arthritis property.

The coordinated regulation of Na+ and K+ in Hordeum brevisubulatum responding to time of salt stress.

Hordeum brevisubulatum, called as wild barley, is a useful monocotyledonous halophyte for soil improvement in northern China. Although previously studied, its main salt tolerance mechanism remained controversial. The current work showed that shoot Na+ concentration was increased rapidly with stress time and significantly higher than in wheat during 0-168h of 100mM NaCl treatment. Similar results were also found under 25 and 50mM NaCl treatments. Even K+ was increased from 0.01 to 50mM in the cultural solution, no significant effect was found on tissue Na+ concentrations. Interestingly, shoot growth was improved, and stronger root activity was maintained in H. brevisubulatum compared with wheat after 7days treatment of 100mM NaCl. To investigate the long-term stress impact on tissue Na+, 100mM NaCl was prolonged to 60 days. The maximum values of Na+ concentrations were observed at 7th in shoot and 14th day in roots, respectively, and then decreased gradually. Micro-electrode ion flux estimation was used and it was found that increasing Na+ efflux while maintaining K+ influx were the major strategies to reduce the Na+ concentration during long-term salt stress. Moreover, leaf Na+ secretions showed little contribution to the tissue Na+ decrease. Thereby, the physiological mechanism for H. brevisubulatum to survive from long-term salt stress was proposed that rapid Na+ accumulation occurred in the shoot to respond the initial salt shock, then Na+ efflux was triggered and K+ influx was activated to maintain a stable K+/Na+ ratio in tissues.

Effects of DNMT3A gene mutations on prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of DNMT3A gene mutation on prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by a meta-analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Methods of Cochrane systematic review was followed by 7 databases,including PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and VIP, were searched for peer-reviewed articles related to DNMT3A gene mutations and prognosis of patients with AML.Then manual retrieval was applied into literature references. After the evaluation of quality and extract of clinical trialliterature data, Stata 11.0 was employed to perform meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven randomized controlled trials involving 1493 cases were included in the meta-analysis. The prognosis of patients with DNMT3A mutations and without DNMT3A mutations was compared. There was no statistically significant difference in complete remission(CR) rate (OR=1.034, 95%CI: 0.596~1.796, P=0.905 between two groups, but the overall survival (OS（HR=1.990, 95%CI: 1.463~2.510, P=0.000 and disease free survival (DFS) (HR= 2.840, 95%CI: 1.063~4.613, P=0.002) of patients without DNMT3A mutations were longer than those with DNMT3A mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DNMT3A gene mutation is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.</p>

Effects of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of SLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in children with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma according to its different duration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The efficacy of Dermatophagoides farinae SLIT in 100 children (aged 3-14 yr) with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma induced by house dust mites was retrospectively analyzed. All children were treated with Dermatophagoides farinae drops for 4 years and followed-up at the interval of 3 months. Total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), total rhinitis symptomatic medication scores (TRMS), daytime asthma symptom scores (DASS), nighttime asthma symptom scores (NASS), total asthma symptomatic medication scores (TAMS), visual analog scale scores (VAS) and lung function were assessed during follow-up visit. SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 2 years' SLIT, compared with 1-year duration, besides NASS (0.00[0.00;0.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 1.811; P > 0.05), TNSS (2.00[1.00;2.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 7.021, P < 0.01), TRMS (2.00[2.00;2.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 8.855; P < 0.01), VAS scores (3.00[2.00;4.00], 1.00[0.00;1.00]; Z = 4.494, P < 0.01), DASS (1.00[0.00;1.00]; 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 4.383, P < 0.01) and TAMS (0.00[0.00;1.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 8.944; P < 0.01) all showed significant improvement. After 3-year duration, compared with 2-year duration, VAS scores (1.00[0.00;1.00], 0.00[0.00;0.00]; Z = 3.645, P < 0.05) in patients were significantly decreased. Other results showed no significant difference. The comparison of efficacy between 3 and 4-year duration showed no significant difference in global clinical outcomes (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients receiving 2 year' SLIT achieve more clinical benefits than those who receiving 1-year duration. The higher efficacy of 3-year duration compared with 2-year duration is supported by a significant improvement in VAS. Besides, the comparison between 3 and 4-year duration shows no significant difference in global clinical outcomes. Therefore, 3 years' duration is optimal in this study.</p>

Expressions and clinical significance of Glypican3,MMP-9 and MMP-14 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma ,and to focus on their roles on the development ,progress and metastasis of tumor .Methods 102 cases of primary hepato-cellular carcinoma were taken as the observation group and 80 cases of normal liver tissues as the control group .The expressions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 were detected by the immunohistochemistry method and their expression difference in different clinicopathological characteristics and the correlation were investigated .Results The positive rates of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 expressions in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group .The positive rates of Glypi-can3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 expressions were closely correlated with the tumor volume ,differentiation degree ,lymph node metasta-sis ,vessel infiltration ,membrane invasion and PCNA expression .The correlation analysis showed that the positive relationships were found between Glypican3 and MMP-9 ,between Glypican3 and MMP-14 and between MMP-9 and MMP-14 in the observation group(r=0 .48 ,P=0 .024 1 ;r=0 .46 ,P=0 .013 2;r=0 .43 .P=0 .031 3) .The survival analysis showed that expressions of Glypi-can3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 were correlated with the patient′s prognosis .Conclusion The higher-expressions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 may promote the occurrence and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma .Detecting the postoperative expres-sions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 has certqain value to judge the prognosis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma .