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Objective To investigate the effect of ambroxol administered before surgery on contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after closed circuit anesthesia in infants.Methods 40 infants who practiced selective orthopedics or abdominal operations were randomly divided into ambroxol group (group A) and control group (group B). Two days before operation,infants in group A and group B were administed ambroxol 0.3 mg/kg or 0.9 normal saline 10 ml through intravenous injection three times per day,respectively .The last single dose was administered before anesthesia induction.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intants were collected immediately after tracheal intubation(T1) and before tracheal extubation(T2),respectively.Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by enhancement solid-phase enzyme immunoassay action(EASIA),and TNF-? in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay (EIA).The numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined. The contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in two groups were compared .The time of analepsia and complications of respiratory tract were observed after operation.Results Compared with group A, the contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF collected at T2 were significant higher in group B (P
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Objective The author seeked the suitable tidal volume in order to decrease mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury during closed circuit anesthesia in infants.Methodes 50 infants who practiced selective orthopedics operation randomly divided into traditional mode(12~15ml/kg,groupT,n=25)and low tidal volumes(7~8ml/kg,groupL,n=25).The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intants were collected immediately after tracheal intubation(T1)and before tracheal extubation,respectively.Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by enhancement solid-phase enzyme immunoassay action(EASIA),TNF-? in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay(EIA).The numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intants were examined.The infants' SpO2,arterial blood pressure and PetCO2 were monitored continuously.Arterial blood gas was analysised.The time of analepsia and complications of lung were observed after operation.Results PaCO2、PetCO2 in groupL were higher than that in groupT,pH in groupL lower than that in groupT at 30 min,60 min,120 min after mechanical ventilation and before extubation,respectively.The contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF collected at T2 more than that at T1 in groupT.The contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF in groupL less than that in groupT at T2(P
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Objective To investigate the long-term effects of midazolam and penehyclidine hydrochloride on learning and memory function of mice.Methods According stratified random block design ,80 KM mice were divided into 4 groups: midazolam 1mg/kg(group M,n=20), penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2mg/kg(group P,n=20),midazolam 1mg/kg + penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2mg/kg(group M+P,n=20) and control group(group NS,n=20);20 mice in each group were divided randomly into testing memory acquisition(n=10) and memory consolidation(n=10) further.For behavioral testing a step-through passive avoidance test was used,in order to evaluate the effects of the agents administruted on the memory acquisition before fraining and on the memory consolidafion immediately after fraining.The step-through latencies and the numbers of errors 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 day after the training were recorded.Results Administration of midazolam impaired memory acquisition and consolidation when administrated alone or in combination with penehyclidine hydrochloride, and this effect persisted for 3 days . Administration of midazolam combinated with penehyclidine hydrochloride did not worsen the effect on memory acquisition,but worsen the effect on memory consolidation obviously. Furthermore, administration of midazolam combinated with penehyclidine hydrochloride impaired memory function persisting longer than that of administration of midazolam alone.Conclusions Administration of midazolam and penehyclidine hydrochloride as premedication was advantageous for prevention of awareness during operation, nevertheless was attributed to one of the causations of POCD.
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Aim To investigate the effects of midazolam and penehyclidine hydrochloride on learning and memory function of mice.Methods According to stratified random block design,80 KM mice were divided into 4 groups:midazolam 1 mg?kg-1(group M,n=20),penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2 mg?kg-1(group P,n=20),midazolam 1 mg?kg-1+penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2 mg?kg-1(group M+P,n=20)and control group(group NS,n=20),and 20 mice in every group were divided randomly into exper-iments of testing memory acquisition(n=10)and memory consolidation(n=10)further.To evaluate the behavioral alteration with these agents,a step-through passive avoidance test was used.Mice were administrated agents before training section for testing memory acquisition,and administrated agents immediately after training section for testing memory consolidation.The step-through latencies and the number of errors on 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 day after the training were recorded.Results Midazolam impaired memory acquisition and consolidation when administrated alone or in combination with penehyclidine hydrochloride.Administration of midazolam combinated with penehyclidine hydrochloride did not worsen the effect on memory acquisition,but worsen the effect on memory consolidation obviously.Furthermore,administration of midazolam combinated with penehyclidine hydrochloride impaired memory function persisting longer than that of administration of midazolam alone.Conclusion Administration of midazolam and penehyclidine hydrochloride would result in inhibiting learning and memory function of mice.
