Isolation and genetic analysis of a nidovirus from crucian carp (Carassius auratus).

A nidovirus was isolated from crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The complete genome of the crucian carp nidovirus (CCNV) is 25,971 nt long and has five open reading frames, encoding the polyprotein 1ab (pp1ab), spike glycoprotein (S), membrane protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N). CCNV has the highest similarity to Chinook salmon nidovirus (CSNV). However, the CCNV HB93 pp1ab protein sequence has three long fragment deletions compared with the CSNV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence showed that CCNV HB93 clusters with CSNV, indicating that CCNV represents a second species in the new genus Oncotshavirus within the new family Tobaniviridae in the order Nidovirales.

Effect of Matrix Metallopeptidase 13 on the Function of Mouse Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells found in an immature state in epithelia and interstitial space, where they capture antigens such as pathogens or damaged tissue. Matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13), a member of the collagenase subfamily, is involved in many different cellular processes and is expressed in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The function of MMP-13 in DCs is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of MMP-13 on DC maturation, apoptosis, and phagocytosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were obtained from C57BL/6 mice. One short-interfering RNA specific for MMP-13 was used to transfect DCs. MMP-13-silenced DCs and control DCs were prepared, and apoptosis was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. MMP-13-silenced DCs and control DCs were analyzed for surface expression of CD80 and CD86 and phagocytosis capability using flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control DCs, MMP-13-silenced DCs increased expression of anti-apoptosis-related genes, BAG1 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 4.08 ± 0.60 vs. 6.11 ± 0.87, P = 0.008), BCL-2 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 7.54 ± 0.76 vs. 9.54 ± 1.29, P = 0.036), and TP73 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 4.33 ± 0.29 vs. 5.60 ± 0.32, P = 0.001) and decreased apoptosis-related genes, CASP1 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 3.79 ± 0.67 vs. 2.54 ± 0.39, P = 0.019), LTBR (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 9.23 ± 1.25 vs. 6.24 ± 1.15, P = 0.012), and CASP4 (control group vs. MMP-13-silenced group: 2.07 ± 0.56 vs. 0.35 ± 0.35, P = 0.002). Protein levels confirmed the same expression pattern. MMP-13-silenced groups decreased expression of CD86 on DCs; however, there was no statistical difference in CD80 surface expression. Furthermore, MMP-13-silenced groups exhibited weaker phagocytosis capability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicate that MMP-13 inhibition dampens DC maturation, apoptosis, and phagocytosis.</p>

Factors associated with incontinence following anorectal procedures / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors associated with postoperative fecal incontinence after anorectal procedures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1074 patients underwent anorectal procedures in the Department of Colorectal Surgery at the Coloproctology Hospital of Shenyang. Factors associated with postoperative fecal incontinence were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Follow-up was available in all the patients. One hundred and forty-four(13.4%) patients developed mild incontinence, and 57(5.3%) moderate incontinence. There was no complete incontinence. The overall incontinence rate was 18.7%. The incontinence rate was 41.8%(107/256) after fistula procedures, higher than that after hemorrhoid procedures(12.4%,73/591) and fissure procedures(9.2%,21/227), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Among 490 patients who received injection therapy for internal hemorrhoids, patients who received 10 ml of Xiaozhiling or more had a mild incontinence rate of 10.4%(27/259) and a moderate incontinence rate of 2.3%(6/259), and in those who received less than 10 ml of Xiaozhiling, the mild incontinence rate was 9.5%(22/231) and moderate incontinence rate was 4.3%(10/231). The differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). In 354 patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy, the mild incontinence rate and moderate incontinence rate were both 14.1% in those who had excision of 3 or more hemorrhoids, and were 3.9%(11/283) and 2.1% (6/283) in those who had excision of less than 3 hemorrhoids, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no difference in Incontinence rate was not associate with fistula or fissure procedure (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of incontinence is high after fistula procedures. Excision of hemorrhoids should not exceed 3 hemorrhoids. Wider adoption of injection therapy is encouraged.</p>