[Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Environment Emergency Incident in China from 1991 to 2018].

Research on the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of environmental emergency incidents in China in recent decades can improve the effectiveness and accuracy of risk supervision of environmental emergency incidents. Based on the data of environmental emergency incidents in 31 provincial regions in China from 1991 to 2018, this study used spatial autocorrelation analysis and a geographically and temporally weighted regression model to analyze the spatial dependence of environmental emergency incidents and the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors. The results showed that: ① there was a significant positive spatial correlation between environmental emergency incidents during 1991-1994 and 2001-2014, and the spatial agglomeration was gradually increasing, that is, environmental emergency incidents existed in the provinces of China; clearly, the space depended on the characteristics and was not completely random. ② There was an unbalanced development pattern of environmental emergency incidents in China. The provinces with "L-L" agglomeration were concentrated in the western and northeastern regions, and the number increased and then decreased; by contrast, the ones with "H-H" agglomeration shifted from the east and south to the central and western regions, and the number increased following the decrease. The role of environmental emergency incident in different provincial regions in the spatial agglomeration was different and constantly changing. ③ The effects of various influencing factors on environmental emergency incidentshad obvious temporal and spatial heterogeneity in different periods and different provinces. The impact of the level of economic development on environmental emergency incidents was shown as a "negative-positive-negative" pattern. The impact of industrial structure on environmental emergency incidents was shown as a "negative-positive" pattern. The overall impact of pollution emissions on environmental emergency incident presented a "positive-negative-positive" pattern. Environmental letters and visits had a positive impact on the occurrence of environmental emergency incidents. The negative impact of the legal environment on environmental emergency incidents was gradually weakening. The negative impact of pollution control on environmental emergency incidents at the provincial level has gradually become apparent.

Study on Regional Differences and Convergence of Green Development Efficiency of the Chemical Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Grey Water Footprint.

Grey water footprint is included in the green development efficiency evaluation index system of the chemical industry. From 2002 to 2016, the super efficiency Slack Based Measure (SBM) model was used to measure the green development efficiency of the chemical industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition method were used to decompose the regional differences of green development efficiency of the chemical industry in the Economic Belt, and the coefficient of variation method and panel data regression model were used to test the convergence characteristics. The following results were obtained. (1) The total grey water footprint of the chemical industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2002 to 2016. (2) The green development efficiency of the chemical industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was significantly improved, and the spatial differentiation law of gradient decline in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Economic Belt was shown. (3) The regional difference of green development efficiency of the chemical industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt initially showed an expanding trend and then a narrowing trend. Regional differences in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River increased while those in the middle reaches first increased and then decreased, whereas those in the lower reaches decreased significantly. The variance in green development efficiency of the chemical industry is the main cause of regional differences. (4) From 2012 to 2016, the Yangtze River Economic Belt had obvious convergence in its whole region, middle reaches, and lower reaches and an inconspicuous convergence in the upstream area. Regional difference of green development efficiency of the chemical industry in the Economic Belt was the combined effect of the results of environmental regulation, industrial structure, foreign investment intensity, and scientific and technological advancements. Our results have high theoretical reference values and practical guiding significance for implementing the green efficiency promotion strategy of the chemical industry in Yangtze River Economic Belt by region and classification.