RESUMO
Objective To evaluate the risk factors for diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).Methods One hundred and forty-three patients with T2DM including 63 cases with diabetic foot(DF) and 80 cases with non-diabetic foot (NDF) were recruited.All possible risk factors for diabetic foot were documented,including low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),homocysteine (Hcy),diabetic polyneuropathy(DPN),diabetic retinopathy(DR),peripheral vascular disease(PVD) and so on.Results (1) There were significant differences between DF group and NDF group in terms of general clinical data,including age(65.38±11.58) years old and (60.12±9.92) years old,precious history of foot ulcer(28.6％ (18/63) and 3.8％(3/80)),serum homocysteine(Hcy) ((23.24± 11.77) μmol/L and (18.62±7.74) μmol/L)),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) ((10.22±2.81) ％ and (8.67±2.30) ％),blood albumin (Alb) ((32.45±5.83) g/L and (38.58±4.71) g/L),LDL-C ((2.15±0.72) mmol/L and (2.60±0.78) mmol/L),diabetic nephropathy (DN) (77.8％ (49/63) and 45.0％ (36/80)),diabetic retinopathy (DR) ((73.0％ (46/63) and 33.8％ (27/80)),diabetic peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (93.7％ (59/63) and 65.0％ (52/80)) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) (77.8％ (46/63) and 60.0％ (48/80)) (P ＜0.05).(2) Logistic regression analysis showed that the development of diabetic foot was significantly correlated with age(OR =1.09,95％ CI:1.02-1.16,P =0.01),Hcy (OR =1.12,95％ CI:1.03-1.22,P =0.01),DR(OR=8.47,95％CI:1.85-38.87,P=0.01),PVD(OR=8.73,95％CI:1.07-70.92,P =0.04) and precious history of foot ulcer (OR =12.28,95％ CI:1.57-96.28,P =0.02).Conclusion Complications due to multiple factors of Diabetic foot,and Hcy is another risk factor for that.
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Objective To investigate the potential role of T follicular helper cells (Tfh) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases by comparing the expression of C-X-C chemokine teceptor type 5 (CXCR5) and CD57 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) thyroid tissues.Methods The expression of CXCR5 and CD57 proteins was determined by immunohistochemical analysis in 15 HT thyroid samples,18 GD samples and 10 normal thyroid samples.Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that CXCR5 and CD57 were mainly positive in cytomembrane and cytoplasm of the infiltrated lymphocytes both in HT and GD tissues,with much higher levels than that of normal thyroid tissues ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Both CXCR5 and CD57 were not significantly different between the HT and GD tissues.Conclusion CXCR5 and CD57 expressions were increased with a similar expression pattern in both of the two main autoimmune thyroid diseases( AITD),indicating that Tfh may participate inthe development and progression of AITD.
RESUMO
To identify association between the presence of previously reported four single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) at exon 10, 12 and 33 of thyroglobulin(Tg) gene with autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD) patients whose TgAb is positive. In this case-control association study, the Tg gene polymorphisms at exon 10, 12, and 33 were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)method in 222 patients with AITD. According to the titers of the Tg autoantibodies(TgAb) in serum, they were divided into two subgroups: TgAb positive group and TgAb negtive group. And a haplotype case-control analysis was also done in two groups.The difference of their frequencies was analyzed by Chi-square test. No differences in alleles and genotypes frequencies were observed in all patients whose TgAb iseither positive or negative(P＞0.05). But there was a significant association of G-C-A-C haplotype with the patients whose TgAb was positive(P=0.028,OR=3.34). There is association of thyroglobulin gene polymorphisms with TgAb in patients with AITD.
