Optimized arterial perfusion strategy in total arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection with malperfusion syndrome / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the effect of optimized arterial perfusion strategy on total arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) with malperfusion syndrome (MPS). Methods    From 2017 to 2019, 51 patients with AAAD and MPS who had received total arch replacement with optimized arterial perfusion strategy in our hospital were included in the optimized perfusion group, including 40 males and 11 females, with an average age of 47.43±13.39 years. A total of 40 patients with AAAD and MPS who had been treated with traditional Sun's surgery were taken as the traditional control group, including 31 males and 9 females, with an average age of 50.66±12.05 years. The perioperative clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results    The preoperative baseline data of the two groups were basically consistent (P>0.05). The comparison of operative data between the optimized perfusion group and the traditional control group showed that in the optimized perfusion group, the extracorporeal circulation time, aortic occlusion time, and circulation-out cerebral perfusion time were significantly less than those in the traditional control group (223.64±65.13 min  vs. 266.77±87.04 min, 114.48±27.28 min vs. 138.20±39.89 min, 8.28±3.81 min vs. 50.53±23.60 min, all P≤0.05). The lowest intraoperative nasopharyngeal temperature in the optimized perfusion group was significantly higher than that in the traditional control group (27.10±1.18℃ vs. 23.6±3.30℃, P=0.000). Postoperative wakefulness time of the optimized perfusion group was earlier than that of the traditional control group (4.50±1.35 h vs. 5.27±1.15 h, P=0.019). The volume of blood transfusions in the optimized perfusion group was significantly less than that in the traditional control group (13.25±9.06 U vs. 16.95±7.53 U, P=0.046). There was no significant difference in ICU time and invasive ventilation time between the two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative complications of the two groups showed that the incidence of postoperative continuous renal replacement therapy in the optimized perfusion group was significantly lower than that in the traditional control group, with a statistically significant difference (21.6% vs. 42.5% P=0.003). The incidence of postoperative delirium, coma, low cardiac row syndrome and limb ischemia in the optimized perfusion group was lower than that in the traditional control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative hemiplegia, sepsis, and secondary thoracotomy in the optimized perfusion group was higher than that in the traditional control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Postoperative mortality in the optimized perfusion group was significantly lower than that in the traditional control group (13.7% vs. 27.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.102). Conclusion    Optimized arterial perfusion strategy and its related comprehensive surgical technique reduce surgical trauma, shorten the operation time, reduce perioperative consumption of blood products. Postoperative wakefulness is rapid and the incidence of complications of nervous system, kidney and limb ischemia is low. Optimized arterial perfusion strategy is suitable for operation of AAAD with MPS by inhibiting the related potential death risk factors to reduce operation mortality.

Mutations, Recombination and Insertion in the Evolution of 2019-nCoV

BackgroundThe 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) has spread more rapidly than any other betacoronavirus including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the mechanisms responsible for infection and molecular evolution of this virus remained unclear. MethodsWe collected and analyzed 120 genomic sequences of 2019-nCoV including 11 novel genomes from patients in China. Through comprehensive analysis of the available genome sequences of 2019-nCoV strains, we have tracked multiple inheritable SNPs and determined the evolution of 2019-nCoV relative to other coronaviruses. ResultsSystematic analysis of 120 genomic sequences of 2019-nCoV revealed co-circulation of two genetic subgroups with distinct SNPs markers, which can be used to trace the 2019-nCoV spreading pathways to different regions and countries. Although 2019-nCoV, human and bat SARS-CoV share high homologous in overall genome structures, they evolved into two distinct groups with different receptor entry specificities through potential recombination in the receptor binding regions. In addition, 2019-nCoV has a unique four amino acid insertion between S1 and S2 domains of the spike protein, which created a potential furin or TMPRSS2 cleavage site. ConclusionsOur studies provided comprehensive insights into the evolution and spread of the 2019-nCoV. Our results provided evidence suggesting that 2019-nCoV may increase its infectivity through the receptor binding domain recombination and a cleavage site insertion. One Sentence SummaryNovel 2019-nCoV sequences revealed the evolution and specificity of betacoronavirus with possible mechanisms of enhanced infectivity.

Issues about pulmonary valve replacement: retrospective single center analysis with 9 years of follow-up data / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To study the pulmonary valve replacement(PVR) operation indications and timing,the choice of prosthetic valve,and the anticoagulation methods.Methods Between June 2006 and April 2017,10 patients(median age 22.5 years,range 10 to 46) underwent PVR at our hospital.These issues above were discussed by analysing data from the patients and literature review.Results The 10 patients were all diagnosed with congenital heart disease(CHD),6 with CHD and infective endocarditis and 4 with postoperation of complex CHD like tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary artery atresia.Five patients had prior cardiac operations.Bioprosthesis valve was implanted in 2 cases,while mechanical valve in 8.The international normalized ratio(INR) was maintained between 1.8 and 2.5 for patients with mechanical valve.There was one in-hospital death,and the other 9 patients were all followed up.The median follow-up was 65 months(range,3-110 months).During follow-up,there was no death,and reoperation was undertaken in one patient who had ceased anticoagulation for 2 years with a mechanical valve,and bioprosthesis valve was chosed in reoperation,Except of this patient,no valve thrombus or severe bleeding complication happened.All prosthetic valves demonstrated normal function by cardiac color ultrasound.The mean peak transvalvular pressure gradient for the mechanical valves was 12.0 mmHg(range,8.7-14.0 mmHg),while for the bioprosthesis valves was 24.7 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) (range,22-27 mmHg) (P ＜ 0.01).Overall actuarial survival at 7 years for patients receiving bioprosthesis valve PVR was 100％,while for mechanical valve was 85 ％ (P =0.617);Overall actuarial freedom from reoperation at 7 years for patients receiving bioprosthesis valve PVR was 100％,while for mechanical valve was 71％ (P =0.414).The findings of literature review were as follows:the risk of valve thrombus or severe bleeding complication for mechanical pulmonary valve was not higher than bioprosthesis pulmonary valve under standard anticoagulant therapy;the durability of bioprosthesis pulmonary valves was unsatisfactory,while the medium and long term effects of mechanical valves were good;the hemodynamic properties of mechanical pulmonary valve were better than bioprosthesis pulmonary valve;the lowintensity anticoagulation method was safe and effective for Chinese people.Conclusion PVR is a safe and effective treatment for patients with severe pulmonary valve regurgitation or stenosis,and the medium and long term effects of mechanical valve are satisfactory.PVR is recommended as early as meeting the operation indications.The choice of a prosthetic valve should be careful and individual.At present,the bioprosthesis valves are implanted in pulmonery valve position more than mechanical valves.However,in select patients and by standard anticoagulant therapy,mechanical pulmonry valves will bring better benefit.The low-intensity anticoagulation method(INR 1.8-2.5) is safe and effective,and recommened for Chinese people.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in sheep:medium-term evaluation of a novel polymeric prosthetic heart valve / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate medium-term valvular functionality after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in sheep using a novel polymeric prosthetic pulmonary valve(PPHV). Methods In this study, we designed a novel polymeric trileaflet transcatheter pulmonary valve with a balloon-expandable stent, and the valve leaflet was made of 0. 1mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene( ePTFE) . We chose bovine pericardium valve as control. Pulmonary valve stents were implanted in situ by right ventricular apical approach in 12 healthy sheep(10 for polymeric valve and 2 for bovine pericardium valve) weighing anaverageof(22.1±2.3)kg. Echocardiography,angiography,64-rowcomputedtomography(CT),andautopsywereusedto assess valvular function 12 weeks after implantation. Results Two PPHVs failed to be implanted in situ of pulmonary valve po-sition. Implantation was successful in the other 10 sheep. One sheep died of pneumonia, and the other 9 sheep survived at the end of follow-up. Echocardiography 12 weeks after implantation showed all the PPHVs exhibited good functionality and no sig-nificant insufficiency. The peak-peak transvalvular pressure gradient of the PPHVs was(28.2 ±8.0)mmHg(16-38 mmHg) (1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa), while that of two bovine pericardium valves were 16 and 21 mmHg. Angiography and CT 12 weeks after implantation demonstrated orthotopic position and normal operation of the valves,and no deformation of the valved stents. Pathological examination of the explanted PPHVs 12 weeks after implantation showed no degradation or damage of the ePTFE leaflets and most of the leaflets were thin and pliable, without significant thrombus or calcification, while visible pannus over-growth was found at the bottom of the valve leaflets, in the commissural areas and on the sealing cuff. Conclusion The medi-um-term effects of the novel ePTFE pulmonary valve after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in sheep is good. The no-vel PPHV exhibits good anti-adhesion, anti-degradation, anti-thrombus, anti-calcification performance and good biomechanical property. The hemodynamic parameter of PPHV is comparable to bovine pericardium valve. Optimizing the valve design might eliminate the problem about pannus overgrowth.

Effect of Edaravone Combining Ulinastatin on Brain Protection in Patients of Type A Aortic Dissection After Total Arch Replacement / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of edaravone combining ulinastatin on brain protection in patients of type A aortic dissection (AAD) after total arch replacement. Methods: A total of 60 AAD patients with total arch replacement in our hospital from 2014-09 to 2016-01 were prospectively studied. Based on peri-operative application of edaravone and ulinastatin, the patients were divided into 2 groups: EU group: 1) the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/8h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg/12h from administration to 3 days post-operation, 2) during cardiopulmonary bypass, the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/2h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg; Control group, the patients had no such treatment.n=30 in each group. The following items were observed:①operative condition;②blood levels of speciifc brain injury markers as S-100 and neuron speciifc enolase (NSE) at different time points: beginning of surgery (T0), opening aorta clamp (T1), right after cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), entering ICU (T3), 24h post-operation (T4) and 3 days post-operation (T5); ③post-operative condition. Results:①Durations of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (BACP), the frequency of BACP and UACP (unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion), the lowest rectal temperature and blood levels of S-100, NSE at T0 were similar between 2 groups.②Compared with Control group, EU group had decreased S-100 and NSE from T1 to T5,P0.05. Conclusion: Edaravone combining ulinastatin had brain protective effect in AAD patients after total arch replacement;it may reduce blood speciifc brain injury markers while the clinical signiifcance should be further investigated.

The influence of body weight on total thoracoscopic cardiac surgery in children / 解放军医学杂志

0.05).Compared with group A,the aortic occlusion time,ventilation time and the length of stay in ICU were shorter in groups B and C(P0.05)were found between group B and C in the aortic occlusion time,ventilation time and length of stay in ICU.Conclusion TTS is a safe and reliable surgical madality for the treatment of pediatric cardiac diseases.Patients weighed over 20kg are strong enough to withstand TTS and may recover sooner.