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BACKGROUND: Limited knowledge exists regarding the casual associations linking blood metabolites and the risk of developing colorectal cancer. AIM: To investigate causal associations between blood metabolites and colon cancer. METHODS: The study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal impact of 486 blood metabolites on colorectal cancer. The primary method of analysis used was the inverse variance weighted model. To further validate the results several sensitivity analyses were performed, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR robust adjusted profile score. These additional analyses were conducted to ensure the reliability and robustness of the findings. RESULTS: After rigorous selection for genetic variation, 486 blood metabolites were included in the MR analysis. We found Mannose [odds ratio (OR) = 2.09 (1.10-3.97), P = 0.024], N-acetylglycine [OR = 3.14 (1.78-5.53), P = 7.54 × 10-8], X-11593-O-methylascorbate [OR = 1.68 (1.04-2.72), P = 0.034], 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine [OR = 4.23 (2.51-7.12), P = 6.35 × 10-8] and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoethanolamine 4 [OR = 3.99 (1.17-13.54), P = 0.027] were positively causally associated with colorectal cancer, and we also found a negative causal relationship between Tyrosine [OR = 0.08 (0.01-0.63), P = 0.014], Urate [OR = 0.25 (0.10-0.62), P = 0.003], N-acetylglycine [0.73 (0.54-0.98), P = 0.033], X-12092 [OR = 0.89 (0.81-0.99), P = 0.028], Succinylcarnitine [OR = 0.48 (0.27-0.84), P = 0.09] with colorectal cancer. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the rigidity of the results. CONCLUSION: This study showed a causal relationship between 10 blood metabolites and colorectal cancer, of which 5 blood metabolites were found to be causal for the development of colorectal cancer and were confirmed as risk factors. The other five blood metabolites are protective factors.
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INTRODUCTION: Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer linked to smoking and the variations in trends across different locations, is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. In this study, we present findings on the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate attributed to smoking in 204 countries and territories spanning 21 regions from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019, which assessed 369 diseases and injuries, as well as 87 risk factors in 204 countries and 21 regions. To assess the trend in ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was utilized. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, smoking was found to be associated with a decrease in ASDR (EAPC = -2.20) and age-standardized DALYs (EAPC = -2.42) rates for gastric cancer. As the sociodemographic index (SDI) increased, the decline in rates also increased gradually. However, the decline was smallest in regions with low SDI (EAPCASDR = -1.34; EAPCage-standardized DALYs rate = -1.38). In 21 regions, both ASDR and DALYs rates experienced a decline. The smallest decline in ASDR was observed in Western Sub-Saharan Africa, with an EAPC of -0.80, while the smallest decline in DALYs rate was found in Oceania, with an EAPC of -0.81. Among the 204 countries analyzed, the Dominican Republic showed the highest increase in ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate (EAPCASDR = 1.19; EAPCage-standardized DALYs rate = 1.21), followed by Afghanistan (EAPCASDR = 1.09; EAPCage-standardized DALYs rate = 1.09) and Sao Tome and Principe (EAPCASDR = 1.05; EAPCage-standardized DALYs rate = 1.03). In the year 2019, the highest ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate was observed in East Asia, with the highest rates occurring in Mongolia. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of stomach cancer worldwide, adjusted for age, and related to smoking, has shown a decline from 1990 to 2019. However, regional disparities have been identified, with some areas experiencing an increase in this burden. These regions with a higher burden emphasize the necessity for the implementation of strong tobacco control measures.
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BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to explore the association between the SIRT1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3758391 and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: 206 patients diagnosed with DLBCL and 219 healthy individuals were recruited in the present study. The genotyping of SIRT1 rs3758391 polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The SIRT1 mRNA expression was detected by the Taqman real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Our study showed that the genotype TT and allele T frequency were significantly higher in DLBCL patients than that of controls (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). No statistical differences were observed between SIRT1 rs3758391 and clinical characteristics of DLBCL patients. Analysis of the polymorphism revealed an increased risk of DLBCL associated with TC and TT genotype when compared with CC genotype [odds ratio = 2.621 and 3.518, respectively; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.249-5.501 and 1.675-7.390, respectively; p = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively]. The survival analysis indicated that the patients with C allele had higher overall survival rate than those with genotype TT (p = 0.005). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the TT genotype of SIRT1 SNP rs3758391 was an independent poor prognostic factor for DLBCL patients (p = 0.006, HR 1.981, 95% CI 1.215-3.231). The SIRT1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in DLBCL patients than that of controls (p < 0.001). In addition, the SIRT1 mRNA expression of TT subgroup was upregulated compared with TC/CC subgroup in DLBCL patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the SIRT1 rs3758391 polymorphism is associated with the risk and survival rate of DLBCL in Chinese Han population.
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Two different methods, power spinning and annealing (PSA), quenching and power spinning followed by annealing (QPSA), for manufacturing the cylindrical parts with ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure were reviewed, the dislocation density and microstructural evolution during the two different processes of PSA and QPSA were further studied. The results show that the required strains for obtaining the UFG structure by power spinning is only 0.92 when the initial microstructure of the material is in the phase of lath martensite. The dislocation density and storage energy are increased to 10 times that of the blank after quenching and power spinning and decreased to the level of the blank after recrystallization annealing. Microstructures with fine grain size after quenching, storage energy of 1.8 × 105 kJ/m³ obtained after power spinning and second phase particle with nano-scale precipitated during annealing are the necessary formation conditions for manufacturing the cylindrical parts with UFG structure based on small strains. Compared with the original tubular blank, the mechanical properties of the spun parts with UFG structure improves significantly. The tensile strength and hardness of the spun parts manufactured by QPSA method is 815 MPa and 305 HV, respectively, and the elongation is 17.5%.
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Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a multifactorial pathogenesis, and the genetic background may be one of the critical etiologic factors. Interleukin (IL)-27, a novel member of the IL-12 family, plays a vital role in antitumor immunity. The aim of the current study was to determine the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-27 gene with the risk of NSCLC. The genotype of the IL-27 rs153109 polymorphism was analyzed in 388 patients with NSCLC and 390 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. In the patients with NSCLC, the frequencies of the GG, GA, and AA genotypes and the G and A alleles were 14.0%, 56.4%, 29.6%, 42.1%, and 57.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of the IL-27 rs153109 polymorphism between the patients with NSCLC and healthy controls (P>0.05). Furthermore, no association was determined between this polymorphism and different clinical characteristics in patients with NSCLC. Taken together, these findings suggest that the IL-27 gene may not be involved in the development of NSCLC in the Chinese population.
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Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a T helper 1 cytokine, which is postulated to play a role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The aim of this study was to determine whether IL-18 promoter gene -607 A/C polymorphism was associated with ITP. Three-hundred and fifty-four Chinese ITP patients and 300 Chinese healthy individuals were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to genotype the DNA samples for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-607. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between the case-control groups by the chi-square test. The results showed that the frequencies of the CC, CA and AA genotypes and C and A allele were 32.4, 47.8, 19.8, 56.4 and 43.6% in ITP patients and 32.3, 50.4, 17.3, 57.5 and 42.5% in the controls, respectively. There was no significant difference in either genotypes or allelic distribution between ITP patients and the controls. Furthermore, stratified analysis by the platelet count, age and disease course including ITP with severe thrombocytopenia (sITP), non-sITP, acute adult, chronic adult, acute childhood and chronic childhood revealed no significant difference in genotype and alleles distribution. In conclusion, this polymorphism was almost equally distributed between ITP patients and the controls. These data showed that this SNP may not be used as a stratification marker to predict the susceptibility to Chinese ITP.
