Strategy for sodium-salt substitution: On the relationship between hypertension and dietary intake of cations.

Chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD), have become one of the main causes affecting human health. Hypertension is a prominent representative of CVD. The formation and development of hypertension is closely related to people's daily diet. A large number of studies have shown that excessive intake of salt (NaCl) could increase the risk of hypertension. In recent years, more and more investigations have focused on other cations that may be contained in edible salt, exploring whether they have an effect on hypertension and the underlying mechanism. This article focuses on the relationship between four metal elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and hypertension, by discussing the main metabolic pathway, the impact of diet intake on blood pressure, and especially the regulation mechanisms on blood pressure in detail. At the same time, some opinions and suggestions are put forward, combined with the current hot topics "salt reduction" and "salt substitution".

4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone protects the skin from AAPH-induced senescence and UVB-induced photoaging by activating autophagy.

Aging can lead to the occurrence of many degenerative diseases, and the most intuitive consequences are mainly manifested on the skin, which is affected by both endogenous and exogenous aging factors and can be used as an ideal model organ for studying aging. 4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone (DMC), a natural flavonoid compound from Angelica sinensis, has been proven to prolong the lifespan of multiple species. However, it is not clear whether it has the effect of delaying skin aging. This study aimed to establish a skin senescent cell model induced by oxidative stress, and further, to analyze the inhibitory effect of DMC on cellular senescence, and explore its molecular mechanisms. We found that treatment of HaCaT cells with 1 mM 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) for 48 h showed significant senescent characteristics, which could be effectively alleviated by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). DMC significantly inhibited AAPH-induced senescence, and further mechanism studies showed that the activation of autophagy which depended on the phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555 was necessary for DMC to alleviate senescence of HaCaT cells. In addition, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway was also involved in the regulation of autophagy induced by DMC. These results were also validated in UVB-induced photoaging mice. In conclusion, we successfully establish a skin senescent cell model and prove that DMC can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to intervene in skin aging.

Bamboo Leaf Flavonoids Suppress Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence of HaCaT Cells and UVB-Induced Photoaging of Mice through p38 MAPK and Autophagy Signaling.

With the global escalation of the aging process, the research on aging mechanisms and anti-aging strategies has become a hot spot. As the most external organ of the human body, skin can be used as an ideal organ for the study of endogenous and exogenous aging. Bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) possess a variety of biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-radiation, and anti-aging. However, it is still unclear whether they can delay skin aging. This study aimed to analyze the inhibitory effect of BLF on skin aging and explore their molecular mechanisms. We found that 10-40 µg/mL BLF significantly inhibited the senescence of HaCaT cells induced by AAPH, which might be related to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. Further mechanism studies showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), especially the p38 MAPK pathway, was the key to BLF to alleviate the senescence of HaCaT cells. In addition, autophagy was also involved in the anti-senescence effect of BLF. The results were also verified in UVB-induced photoaging mice. Therefore, BLF can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to intervene skin aging in vitro and in vivo.

In situ preparation of C-SiC x O y coatings with controllable composition on continuous oxygen-enriched SiC fibres.

Oxygen-enriched SiC fibres derived from polycarbosilane are exposed to chlorine at 500 to 750 °C for up to 60 min. After chlorination, uniform coatings with controllable thickness are formed in situ on the SiC fibres. Evolution of the coating composition and its relation to the electrical properties are investigated. Results indicate that the porous nature of the coating realizes a reaction-controlling mechanism of the coating growth. By enhancing the chlorination temperature within the selected range, SiC, SiCO3 and SiC2O2 phases in the fibre can be successively etched as free carbon to give C-SiC x O y hybrid coatings with increased content of C and decreased content of O. Accordingly, the specific resistivity of the coated SiC fibre declines continuously from 5.01 × 106 to 0.39 Ω cm.

Emotional valence of stimuli modulates false recognition: Using a modified version of the simplified conjoint recognition paradigm.

False recognition results from the interplay of multiple cognitive processes, including verbatim memory, gist memory, phantom recollection, and response bias. In the current study, we modified the simplified Conjoint Recognition (CR) paradigm to investigate the way in which the valence of emotional stimuli affects the cognitive process and behavioral outcome of false recognition. In Study 1, we examined the applicability of the modification to the simplified CR paradigm and model. Twenty-six undergraduate students (13 females, aged 21.00±2.30years) learned and recognized both the large and small categories of photo objects. The applicability of the paradigm and model was confirmed by a fair goodness-of-fit of the model to the observational data and by their competence in detecting the memory differences between the large- and small-category conditions. In Study 2, we recruited another sample of 29 undergraduate students (14 females, aged 22.60±2.74years) to learn and recognize the categories of photo objects that were emotionally provocative. The results showed that negative valence increased false recognition, particularly the rate of false "remember" responses, by facilitating phantom recollection; positive valence did not influence false recognition significantly though enhanced gist processing.

[Determination of pralidoxime chloride in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography].

OBJECTIVE: To provide a reference for clinically curing organophosphrous compounds Poisoning. A high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for determination of pralidoxime chloride in rat plasma. BECKMAN ODS C18 column, Waters Model 510 HPLC pump and 996 photodiode Detector were used. The mobile phase consisted of 7.5% acetonitrile and 92.5% (20nmol/L NaH2PO4, 0.2% C8H17SO3 Na, pH3.0, adjusted by H3PO4 Solution) the flow rate was 1.0mol/min. detection wavelength was set at 296. The samples were pretreated with acetonitrite. The results show a good liner correlation between pralidoxime chloride concentration(from 1.0 - 5.0 microg/ml) and absorption intensity. The detection limit is 0.5 microg/ml with signal to noise ratio of 2. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 1.35% and 2.73%. The recoveries for plasma were in ranges of 76% - 84%.