A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Modified with a Computer-Simulative Magnetic Ion-Imprinted Membrane for Identification of Uranyl Ion.

In this paper, a novel ion-imprinted electrochemical sensor modified with magnetic nanomaterial Fe3O4@SiO2 was established for the high sensitivity and selectivity determination of UO22+ in the environment. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the interaction between templates and binding ligands to screen out suitable functional binding ligand for the reasonable design of the ion imprinted sensors. The MIIP/MCPE (magnetic ion imprinted membrane/magnetic carbon paste electrode) modified with Fe3O4@SiO2 exhibited a strong response current and high sensitivity toward uranyl ion comparison with the bare carbon paste electrodes. Meanwhile, the MCPE was fabricated simultaneously under the action of strong magnetic adsorption, and the ion imprinted membrane can be adsorbed stably on the electrode surface, handling the problem that the imprinted membrane was easy to fall off during the process of experimental determination and elution. Based on the uranyl ion imprinting network, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was adopted for the detection technology to realize the electrochemical reduction of uranyl ions, which improved the selectivity of the sensor. Thereafter, uranyl ions were detected in the linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10-9 mol L-1 to 2.0 × 10-7 mol L-1, with the detection and quantification limit of 1.08 × 10-9 and 3.23 × 10-10 mol L-1, respectively. In addition, the sensor was successfully demonstrated for the determination of uranyl ions in uranium tailings soil samples and water samples with a recovery of 95% to 104%.

Aggregation-induced photoluminescence enhancement of protamine-templated gold nanoclusters for 1-hydroxypyrene detection using 9-hydroxyphenanthrene as a sensitizer.

In this study, we confirmed that protamine-templated gold nanoclusters (PRT-AuNCs) exhibit aggregation-induced emission properties (AIE-PRT-AuNCs). 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHPy) further induced the aggregation of AIE-PRT-AuNCs via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in the aggregation-induced photoluminescence enhancement of AIE-PRT-AuNCs. 9-Hydroxyphenanthrene was able to decrease the background signal, thus increasing the sensitivity of the method. Based on these findings, a cost-effective, highly sensitive and selective strategy was proposed for the quantitative detection of 1-OHPy. This method displayed a wide linear range of 0.924 - 74.1 nmol/L with a low detection limit of 0.277 nmol/L, showing great potential for the monitoring of 1-OHPy in human urine. This strategy may provide a theoretical basis for future studies of the AIE properties of metal nanoclusters and their applications in the field of chemical and biological sensing.

Protamine-gold nanoclusters as peroxidase mimics and the selective enhancement of their activity by mercury ions for highly sensitive colorimetric assay of Hg(II).

We certify that protamine-gold nanoclusters (PRT-AuNCs) synthesized by one-pot method exhibit peroxidase-like activity. The catalytic activity of PRT-AuNCs followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics and exhibited higher affinity to 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the substrate compared to that of natural horseradish peroxidase. Meanwhile, we found that Hg(II) could dramatically and selectively enhance the peroxidase-like activity of PRT-AuNCs, and the enhanced mechanism by Hg(II) was demonstrated to be generation of the cationic Au species and the partly oxidized Au species (Auδ+) by Hg2+-Au0/Au+ interaction. Based on this finding, quantitative determinations of Hg(II) via visual observation and absorption spectra were achieved. The proposed strategy displays high selectivity that arises from the strong aurophilic interaction of mercury towards gold. Moreover, the developed method is highly sensitive with a wide linear range and low detection limit of 1.16 nM. This strategy is not only helpful to develop effective nanomaterials-based artificial enzyme mimics but also irradiative to discover new applications of artificial mimic enzymes in bio-detection, medical diagnostics, and biotechnology. Graphical abstract Protamine-gold nanoclusters (PRT-AuNCs) synthesized by one-pot method exhibit peroxidase-like activity. Hg(II) can stimulate the peroxidase-like activity of PRT-AuNCs selectively, enhancing their ability to catalyze the chromogenic reaction of TMB by H2O2.

A gold nanoparticles-modified aptamer beacon for urinary adenosine detection based on structure-switching/fluorescence-"turning on" mechanism.

A novel small molecule probe, aptamer beacon (AB), was introduced for adenosine (Ade) recognition and quantitative analysis. The Ade aptamer was engineered into an aptamer beacon by adding a gold nanoparticle-modified nucleotide sequence which is complementary to aptamer sequence (FDNA) at the 3'-end of FDNA. The fluorescence signal "turning on" was observed when AB was bound to Ade, which is attributed to a significant conformational change in AB from a FDNA/QDNA duplex to a FDNA-Ade complex. The Ade measurement was carried out in 20 mmol L(-1) Tris-HCl buffer solution of pH 7.4, ΔF signal linearly correlated with the concentration of Ade over the range of 2.0×10(-8) to 1.8×10(-6) mol L(-1). The limit of detection (LOD) for Ade is 6.0×10(-9) mol L(-1) with relative standard deviations (R.S.D) of 3.64-5.36%, and the recoveries were 98.6%, 100%, 102% (n=6), respectively. The present method has been successfully applied to determine Ade in human urine samples, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the HPLC method. Our investigation shows that the unique properties of the AB could provide a promising potential for small molecules detection, and be benefit to extend the application of aptamer beacon technique.

Topical timolol in the treatment of periocular superficial infantile hemangiomas: a prospective study / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and side effect of topical beta-blocker (Timolol Maleate) in the treatment of periocular hemangioma in a prospective study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>432 outpatients with infantile hemangioma visited our special clinic service in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from July 2010 to December 2011. Among them, 12 superficial periocular lesions were selected in the study. Timolol was used topically on the lesion in every 12 hours. Two independent special doctors evaluated the results according to the pictures before and after four-week application of timolol.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Were categorized into four levels: continuous growth (the lesion continues to grow), stable (no visible change), moderate (0-50% of regression) , perfect (more than 50% of improvement). Result of the 12 outpatients, 4 showed perfect result, 2 moderate, 4 stable and 2 continuous growth. No side effect was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Topical timolol is effective and safe in the treatment of superficial periocular infantile hemangioma. It could be considered as the first line treatment of proliferative superficial hemangioma.</p>

A wireless magnetoelastic sensor for urinary 2-naphthol detection based on the precipitation of 2-naphthol with diazonium salts.

A wireless magnetoelastic sensor has been developed for the determination of 2-naphthol (2-NAP) in human urine. This method is based on the precipitation of 2-NAP with diazonium salts produced by the diazo-reaction of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with nitrite under a weak alkaline condition, resulting in a descending of the resonance frequency of a wireless magnetoelastic sensor. The frequence shift values (ΔF) of the sensor were directly proportional to the concentration in the range of 1.13 - 139 µmol L(-1) for 2-NAP with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and a detection limit of 0.340 µmol L(-1). The relative standard deviations were 2.38, 2.40 and 2.44%, and the average recovery was 107% (n = 6). The proposed method has additional advantages of being less time-consuming, low cost and remote query, and can be applied for real-time and in situ monitoring of 2-NAP in human urine. It would be a benefit to extend the scope of applications of magnetoelastic sensing techniques.

Determination of trace formaldehyde in blood plasma by resonance fluorescence technology.

A novel method for the determination of trace formaldehyde in blood plasma has been established by using resonance fluorimetry technique. It was based on the fact that oxidation of pyronine Y by potassium bromate was catalyzed by formaldehyde in sulfuric acid. When the wavelength interval was at Δλ=0 nm, it was found that the decreased intensity (ΔF) of resonance fluorescence at 574.6 nm was proportional to the concentration of formaldehyde in the range of 1.27×10(-2) to 2.28 µg mL(-1). The limit of detection and the average recovery for formaldehyde were 3.80 ng mL(-1) and 101.6% (n=6), respectively. The present method had been applied to the determination of trace formaldehyde in blood plasma, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the resonance light scattering method.

A prospective study of propranolol as first-line treatment for problematic infantile hemangioma in China / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety or propranolol as a first-line treatment for problematic infantile haemangioma in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Mar. 2009 to Feb. 2010, 78 patients with problematic infantile hemangioma were included in the prospective study. The characteristics of the tumor, including sex, age, site, complications, were recorded. The response to treatment at 1 week, at 1 month and at the end of treatment was evaluated. The efficacy of treatment was graded as no response, stabilization, or accelerated regression. The indications for treatment, side effects and relapse after treatment were documented. The mean follow-up period was 16.7 months (range, 12.1-23.6 months).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Oral therapy was initiated at mean age of 3.7 months (range, 1.1-9.2 months) as first-line therapy. The mean age at the end of treatment was 11.2 months (range, 5.2-22.3 months). The treatment was lasted for 7.6 months (range, 2. 1-18.3 months). One week after treatment beginning, the hemangioma growth was controlled in all the patients. The accelerated regression was achieved in 88.5% (69/78) of patients after one week of treatment, and 98.7% (77/78) of patients after 1 month of treatment and at the end of treatment. Ulceration was occurred in 14 cases before treatment, which was healed after treatment for 2 months. Minor side effects were happened in 15.4% (12/78) of patients. Rebound growth of lesion was noticed in 35.9% (28/78) of patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Propranolol is effective in the treatment of infantile hemangioma with minor side effect. We suggest it should be used as the first-line treatment.</p>

Clinical application of imiquimod for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical application of imiquimod for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>320 children with IH, including 250 superficial cases, 20 deep cases, and 50 mixed cases, were treated with 5% imiquimod cream every other day for 16 weeks. The clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated at one year of age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rates of the superficial, deep, and mixed IH were 61.2% (153/250), 10.0% (2/20) and 60.0% (30/50) respectively, showing no statistical difference between superficial and deep type (P = 0.874), but significant difference between superficial and mixed (P < 0.01), deep and mixed type (P < 0.01). 56.0% (28/50) of mixed IH showed proliferation of its deep lesions. Slight skin erythema and crusting were the most common side effects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>5% imiquimod cream is effective and safe in superficial IH and superficial lesions of mixed IH with minimal skin reactions. The dysplasia of local tissue and systemic growth retardation are not found. It should be avoided to apply the cream to IH located around the cavities and skin fold. Imiquimod cream is a simple and convenient home-nursing medication. It can reduce care burden of family. Thus topical use of imiquimod can be considered as a good clinical indication for the treatment of superficial lesions of IH.</p>

Rapid simultaneous analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1- and 2-naphthol in urine by first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectrometry using Tween-20 as a sensitizer.

A novel method of first derivative synchronous fluorescence was developed for the rapid simultaneous analysis of trace 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 1-naphthol (1-NAP), 2-naphthol (2-NAP), 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPe) and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu) in human urine. Only one single scan was needed for quantitative determination of five compounds simultaneously when Deltalambda=10 nm was chosen. In the optimal experimental conditions, there was a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of 1-OHP, 1-NAP, 2-NAP, 9-OHPe and 2-OHFlu in the range of 1.75 x 10(-9) to 4.50 x 10(-6) mol L(-1), 3.64 x 10(-8) to 2.20 x 10(-4) mol L(-1), 8.18 x 10(-9) to 1.20 x 10(-4) mol L(-1), 3.26 x 10(-9) to 8.50 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) and 4.88 x 10(-9) to 5.50 x 10(-6) mol L(-1), respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) were found to be 5.25 x 10(-10) mol L(-1) for 1-OHP, 1.10 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) for 1-NAP, 2.46 x 10(-9) mol L(-1) for 2-NAP, 9.77 x 10(-10) mol L(-1) for 9-OHPe and 1.46 x 10(-9) mol L(-1) for 2-OHFlu. The proposed method is reliable, selective and sensitive, and has been used successfully in the determination of traces of 1-OHP, 1-NAP, 2-NAP, 9-OHPe and 2-OHFlu in human urine samples, whose results were in good agreement with those gained by the HPLC method.

The pathological characteristics and clinical significances of maturational change of port-wine stain / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study histologic observations were presented to elucidate the possible mechanism of maturational change of port-wine stain(PWS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Normal PWS(3 cases) , thicken PWS (11 cases) and nodular PWS (9 cases) were included to present histologic observations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Normal PWS, only shows mild dilated, thin-walled vessels within superficial dermis. Thicken PWS, shows further dilated vessels and sebaceous gland throughout dermis and superficial subcutaneous fat. Nodular PWS can be divided into three groups. I Similar to thicken PWS, shows further dilated vessels and sebaceous gland throughout dermis and superficial subcutaneous fat. II Shows Large number of dilated vessels, honeycombing and less vascular mesenchymal. III Tenacious texture shows mild dilated vessels, diffused collagen, mesenchymal rarefaction, lymphocyte infiltration and lymphedema change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Histologic examination revealed not only the expected vascular abnormalities, but also a number of widely distributed hamartomatous changes in thicken and nodular PWS. The complex hamartomatous changes suggest a genetically determined, multilineage developmental field defect in the pathogenesis of PWS.</p>

Pathological characteristics and clinical significance of macrochilia secondary to venular malformation / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the histologic characteristics of macrochilia secondary to port-wine stain and to elucidate the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one cases of macrochilia secondary to venular malformation were included and the histology of the lesions was observed by light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histological examination revealed vascular abnormalities and a number of widely distributed hamartomatous changes in macrochilia secondary to venular malformation. The average vessel diameter is (39.8 +/- 15.7) microm. The degree of hamartomatous change: mild (1 case), moderate (7 cases) and severe (13 cases).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The complex hamartomatous changes suggest a genetically determined, multilineage developmental field defect in the pathogenesis of venular malformation.</p>

Synchronous fluorescence determination of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, beta-naphthol and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene based on the sensitizing effect of beta-cyclodextrin.

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), beta-naphthol (beta-NAP) and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPe) in human urine has been established by using synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. It was based on the fact that synchronous fluorescence spectrometry can resolve the broad-band overlapping of conventional fluorescence spectra, which arise from their similar molecular structures. Only one single scan is needed for quantitative determination of three compounds simultaneously when Deltalambda=15nm is chosen. The signals detected at these three wavelengths, 369.6, 330.0 and 358.0nm, vary linearly when the concentration of 1-OHP, beta-NAP and 9-OHPe is in the range of 2.16x10(-8)-1.50x10(-5)molL(-1), 1.20x10(-7)-1.10x10(-5)molL(-1) and 1.07x10(-7)-3.50x10(-5)molL(-1), respectively. The correlation coefficients for the standard calibration graphs were 0.994, 0.999 and 0.997 (n=7) for 1-OHP, beta-NAP and 9-OHPe, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) for 1-OHP, beta-NAP and 9-OHPe were 6.47x10(-9)molL(-1), 3.60x10(-8)molL(-1) and 3.02x10(-8)molL(-1)with relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of 4.70-6.40%, 2.80-4.20%, 3.10-4.90% (n=6), respectively. The method described here had been applied to determine traces of 1-OHP, beta-NAP and 9-OHPe in human urine, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the HPLC method. In addition, the interaction modes between beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and 1-OHP, beta-NAP or 9-OHPe, as well as the mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement were also discussed.

Non-involuting congenital hemangioma: a study for diagnosis and treatment / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the history, clinical symptoms, imaging and histology of a rare distinct infantile hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>12 patients (5 female, 7 male; aged 18 months - 26 years) diagnosed as non-involuting congenital hemangioma were retrospectively analyzed. The history, imaging, histologic examination and the treatment were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of the patients had only one lesion which was round or ovoid, flat or plaque-like. The average size was about 5 cm x 6 cm. The overlying skin was usually had coarse telangiectasia with central or peripheral pallor. The skin has a high skin temperature. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography findings were similar to those of common infantile hemangioma. Histologic examination revealed lobular collections of small, thin-walled vessels with a large, often stellate, central vessel. "Hobnailed" endothelial cells lined along the intralobular vessels. Small arteries were observed "shunting" directly into lobular vessels or into abnormal extralobular veins. All lesions were easily excised without recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Non-involuting congenital hemangioma is a distinct infantile vascular tumor. It should be diagnose early and treated appropriately.</p>

Superselective ethanol endovascular therapy under digital subtraction angiography for craniofacial arteriovenous malformations / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce superselective endovascular therapy under digital subtraction angiography for craniofacial arteriovenous malformations using absolute ethanol, and to assess the efficacy and complications of the method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review of patient medical and imaging records was performed. 8 patients (7 male, 1 female, 11-50 years) with craniofacial arteriovenous malformations underwent staged selective ethanol endovascular therapy (1-4 times, median 2 times). Clinical follow-up (8-24 months, mean 12.1 months) was performed in all patients, and results from imaging follow-up (2-6 months, mean 4.3 months) were available in 4 patients. Therapeutic outcomes were established by evaluating the clinical outcome of symptoms, as well as the degree of devascularization at follow-up angiography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>16 sessions of selective ethanol endovascular therapy were performed in 8 patients. 5 of 8 patients were cured, 2 had improvement, 1 had no change. Selective ethanol endovascular therapy was considered effective in 7 patients (87.5%). 4 patients will need further treatment sessions for residual arteriovenous malformations. Blistering, superficial skin necrosis and transient hemolysis occurred in 4 of 8 patients. All the complications were healed with observation. No major complications occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Superselective ethanol endovascular therapy under digital subtraction angiography has the potential for cure of craniofacial arteriovenous malformations and is able to obtain excellent cosmetic results, and with acceptable risk of complications.</p>

Isolation, culture and characterization of endothelial cells in infantile hemangioma / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for the reliable isolation and culture of infantile hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Proliferative hemangioma specimens were digested by collagenase to form a single cell suspension. The HemECs were isolated using anti-CD31 coated dynabeads. The CD31+ cells were grown in fibronectin coated dishes. HemECs were identified by morphological characteristics and immunocytochemistry. The cells were also examined for their ability to intake LDL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The method enabled the rapid isolation of HemECs that demonstrated typical endothelial cobblestone morphology in culture. The cells were positively stained for CD31, vWF. They also were labeled with DiI-Ac-LDL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This technique can effectively isolate endothelial cells from the proliferative hemangiomas. These cells could be further used to research the mechanism of proliferation and degeneration of infantile hemangioma.</p>

[Simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium by calculative spectrophotometric complexometric titration].

A new spectrophotometric complexometric titration method coupled with chemometrics for the determination of mixtures of metal ions has been developed. In the method described here, the titrant is a mixture of EDTA and two indicators. In the process of titration, both the volumetric addition of titrant and the progress of titration reaction can be characterized simultaneously by chemometric calculation with the absorption spectra, and then the titration curves can be obtained. With the titration curves, a matrix equation can be established, and thus the concentration of each component in the mixture of metal ions can be calculated with principal component regression. The method only needs the information of absorption spectra to obtain the analytical results, and is free of volumetric measurements. So the method is simple, convenient and precise, and has been applied to the simultaneous determination of mixtures of calcium and magnesium using malachite green and Cu-PAN as indicators with satisfactory results.

Noninvasive laser therapy for skin superficial venous malformations with long pulsed Nd:YAG laser / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Conventional therapies for skin superficial venous malformations have demonstrated poor efficacy and many side effects. This prospective study assessed the effectiveness and safety of noninvasive long pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser therapy for superficial venous malformations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two patients, aged 9 months to 67 years, skin types III, with skin superficial venous malformations were treated with the Nd:YAG laser at fluences of 140 - 150 J/cm2, with 6 mm spot size and double pulse model(pulse width 7 - 8ms, interpulse interval 20 ms). Contact cooling was used to protect epiderm. Patients were examined 1 month and 6 months after the last treatment. Results Were graded as percent clearance in five groups: 0%, 1% - 25%, 26% - 50%, 51% - 75%, 76% - 100%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two patients completed the study with maximal 5 treatment sessions. At 6 months after the final session, 76% - 100% clearance was observed in 96.3% of the treated sites, 100% improvement was observed in 37% of the treated sites. Pain during treatment was variably perceived by patients. Transient erythema were seen in 8 (38.1%) patients, but could resolve in 1 day to 1 month. None of patients have purpura, permanent pigmentation change and scarring.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Noninvasive long pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser is effective and safe enough for the treatment of skin superficial venous malformations and selectively remove superficial vessels. The side effects are minimal while ideal cosmetic results can be achieved.</p>

Role of urinary basic fibroblast growth factor in differentiating hemangiomas from vascular malformation / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a novel method to differentiate hemangioma from vascular malformation, to stage hemangiomas and to monitor the efficacy of management for hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The urinary basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) concentration of 144 cases (including 69 cases of proliferating hemangiomas, 41 cases of involuting hemangiomas, 23 cases of vascular malformations and 11 negative controls) was examined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The differences of urinary bFGF concentration among proliferating hemangiomas, involuting hemangiomas, vascular malformations and negative control were all significant, while the differences between the latter three groups were not significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings suggest that examination of urinary bFGF concentration using ELISA technique is helpful in differentiating hemangioma from vascular malformation, staging hemangiomas and dynamically monitoring the efficacy of treatment for hemangiomas. Our results probably shed new light on the potential pathogenesis of hemangiomas and vascular malformation.</p>

The relationship between the expression of HIF-1alpha and the angiogenesis in infancy hemangioma / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of HIF-1alpha and its roles on the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD ) in hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical streptavidin/peroxidase(SP) stain was applied to examine the expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and CD34. The amount of microvessel was counted, which the endothelial cell expressed CD34.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nuclei and cytoplasm of the endothelial cell showed positive staining for HIF-1alpha in hemangioma. In 28 cases, positive rate for HIF-1alpha was 64%, for VEGF was 71.4%. In the proliferating phase, positive rate for HIF-1alpha was 87.5%, for VEGF was 93.7%. However, the positive rate for HIF-1alpha, in the involuting phase, was 33.3%, and for VEGF was 41.7%. There was a very significantly different between two phases (P < 0.01). In the proliferating phase, MVD was 73.4 +/- 14.63 . In the involuting phase, MVD was 30.2 +/- 9.1 (P < 0.01). The correlation between the HIF-1alpha and VEGF was positive (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the HIF-1alpha and MVD (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There might be a special hypoxia microenvironment in endothelial cell of the hemangioma in proliferating phase , which could up-regulate the expression of the HIF-1alpha protein. The HIF-1alpha protein could also up-regulate the VEGF protein and then result in the angiogenesis.</p>