Layer-specific strain for assessing the effect of naringin on systolic myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis and its underlying mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of naringin on myocardial deformation and oxidative responses in rats with sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD). METHODS: Global and segmental layer-specific longitudinal strain (LS) was assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography. Serum levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were measured. The activity of cleaved caspase-3 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression levels of Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured by western blotting. RESULTS: Naringin inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced decrease in global and layer-specific LS of the left ventricle. Naringin also increased superoxide dismutase expression and decreased malondialdehyde, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in rats with SIMD. Furthermore, naringin increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression levels, and decreased Keap1 protein expression levels in rats with SIMD. CONCLUSION: Layer-specific LS analysis of myocardial function by speckle tracking echocardiography can reflect early changes in myocardial systolic function. Naringin may possess a protective effect through moderating lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial oxidative stress via the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats with SIMD.

Berry syndrome: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Berry syndrome, a rare combination of cardiac anomalies, consists of aortopulmonary window (APW); aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery; interrupted aortic arch (IAA) or hypoplastic aortic arch or coarctation of the aorta; and an intact ventricular septum. There is lack of review articles that elucidate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of Berry syndrome. This publication systematically reviews the 89 cases published since 1982 on Berry syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old woman presented with a loud murmur and cyanosis. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a severely dilated aorta and main pulmonary artery with a large intervening defect. Distal to the APW, the ascending aorta gave rise to the right pulmonary artery. Additionally, a type A IAA, an intact ventricular septum, and a large patent ductus arteriosus were revealed. Computed tomography angiography with 3-dimensional reconstruction confirmed above findings. This is the first report of a patient of this age with Berry syndrome who did not undergo surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Berry syndrome is a rare but well-identified and surgically correctable anomaly. Patients with Berry syndrome should be followed up for longer periods to better characterize long-term outcomes.

A novel model of constrictive pericarditis associated with myocardial fibrosis in rats.

An efficient animal model is fundamental for studies on the underlying mechanisms of constrictive pericarditis (CP). A novel CP rat model was established by pericardial injection composing of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and talcum powder without thoracotomy. Pathological changes were confirmed by histological staining. E-flow Doppler of mitral valve, tissue Doppler E' in the medial mitral annular (E'sep ) and the lateral mitral annular (E'lat ) were measured to assess ventricular filling function. Circumferential, longitudinal, and radial strains (SC, SL and SR) and the respective strain rates (SrC, SrL and SrR) were analyzed in interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular free wall (LVFW). Rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with LPS. The activation of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) was confirmed by Q-PCR and western blot assays. Thickening of pericardium and fibrosis in pericardium and subepicardial myocardium were showed in the model group. Diastolic dysfunction in the CP group was indicated by decreased E'lat and E'lat /E'sep , increased E/E'lat , decreased EFW of SrC and SrL, increased AIVS and decreased E/A of SrC, SrL and SrR. Systolic dysfunction was indicated by decreased SCFW and SLFW in CP rats. The levels of TGF-ß1, p-Smad2/3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen-I/III (COL-I/III) were increased in the CP group. The increased TGF-ß1 that induced by LPS activated and phosphorylated Smad2/3 resulting in the secretion of α-SMA and COL-I/III. This model is of vital importance in studying the pathogenesis of CP.

Isolated metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the right ventricle.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with right ventricle metastasis without inferior vena cava and right atrium involvement is very rare and the prognosis of HCC with RV metastasis is generally poor. The mass in the cardiac chamber may lead to lethal instability of hemodynamics, however, the initial symptom is probably non-specific, which means that diagnosis timely becomes even harder. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 63-year-old male with isolated metastasis of HCC in the right ventricle which caused inflow obstruction. Moreover, we reviewed a series of studies of isolated metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma between 1980 and 2018, and summarized the relative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the right ventricle is extraordinarily rare. It may damage cardiac structure and broke hemodynamic balance. Multimodality imaging plays an important in accurate pre-operation assessment. Nowadays, palliative treatments could relieve fatal symptoms to some degree, however, standard treatment has not been well established.

Assessing cardiovascular remodelling in fetuses and infants conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: a prospective observational cohort study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), namely in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, have become widely used to treat infertility. Although the use of ART is generally considered favourable, there are ongoing concerns about the prenatal and perinatal risks as well as long-term risks for the child. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between pathological events during fetal development and future cardiovascular risk, raising concerns about cardiovascular remodelling in fetuses conceived by ART. The authors hypothesise fetuses conceived by ART present signs of cardioventricular dysfunction, which can be detected by deformation analysis. To address these issues, we will assess comprehensive cardiovascular structure and function in ART offspring and explore the role of speckle-tracking in myocardial deformation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective observational cohort study will include 100 singleton pregnancies conceived by ART and 100 controls identified in fetal life and followed up to 6 months old. At inclusion, a baseline assessment of the mothers and ART characteristics will be recorded by interview and review of medical records. Between 28 and 32 weeks gestation, a detailed fetal echography will be performed, including an assessment of estimated fetal weight, fetoplacental Doppler, fetal echocardiography and fetal abdominal artery ultrasound. On delivery, maternal and neonatal characteristics will be assessed. Within 60 days of birth, the first postnatal cardiovascular assessment will be conducted which will include echocardiography and abdominal artery ultrasound. At 6 months of age, the second infants' follow-up evaluation will include the weight and length of the infant, echocardiography and abdominal artery ultrasound. Data will be presented as mean±SD, median or percentages where appropriate. A p<0.05 will be considered statistically significant. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR1900021672.

Infantile hepatic hemangiomas associated with high-output cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) is a rare endothelial cell neoplasm, which may be concurrent with severe complications and result in poor outcomes. Moreover, the coexistence of IHH and congenial heart disease is even rarer. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 10-day-old male born with IHH associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD) and pulmonary hypertension. Moreover, we reviewed a series of studies of IHH-associated high-output cardiac failure between 1974 and 2018, and summarized the treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) has been known to induce high-output heart failure. There is no literature to summarize the severity of its impact on heart, which can lead to a high mortality rate. When IHH is detected by ultrasound, the heart should be evaluated to facilitate treatment. The outcomes of IHH associated with heart failure are good.

Naringin mitigates myocardial strain and the inflammatory response in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction through regulation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a manifestation of severe sepsis and is the main cause of increased mortality in sepsis patients. Naringin (Nar) has been reported to possess various biological activities and pharmacological properties. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate whether Nar can protect rats from the effects of LPS-induced SIMD. SD Rats were pre-treated with Nar (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 7 days before administration of a single dose of LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the seventh day. We found that Nar treatment markedly improved the global strain and strain rate of longitudinal, circumference, and radial direction (GLS/GLSr, GCS/GCSr, GRS/GRSr) compared to the LPS group. The layer-specific strain decreased gradually from the endocardial layer to epicardial layer, and the most serious damage occurred in the endocardial layer. Moreover, Nar significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and myocardial enzymes (CK, LDH, and AST) induced by LPS and attenuated the inflammation response. Finally, Nar also inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activity of iNOS in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results suggest that naringin may possess novel therapeutic potential for protection against LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction.